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Voice agents, artificial intelligence systems that conduct spoken conversations to complete tasks, are increasingly deployed across enterprise applications. However, no existing benchmark jointly addresses two core evaluation challenges:…

Voice assistants increasingly rely on Speech Language Models (SpeechLMs) to interpret spoken queries and execute complex tasks, yet existing benchmarks lack domain breadth, acoustic diversity, and compositional reasoning complexity to…

Current speech evaluation suffers from two critical limitations: the need and difficulty of designing specialized systems targeting individual audio characteristics, and poor correlation between automatic evaluation methods and human…

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) has progressed from traditional single-task methods to large audio language model (LALM) solutions. Yet, most existing speech benchmarks focus on single-speaker or isolated tasks, overlooking the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Shuai Wang , Zhaokai Sun , Zhennan Lin , Chengyou Wang , Zhou Pan , Lei Xie

Building on the success of large language models (LLMs), recent advancements such as GPT-4o have enabled real-time speech interactions through LLM-based voice assistants, offering a significantly improved user experience compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yiming Chen , Xianghu Yue , Chen Zhang , Xiaoxue Gao , Robby T. Tan , Haizhou Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible proficiency in performing tasks that require semantic understanding of natural language instructions. Recently, many works have further expanded this capability to perceive multimodal audio…

Audio-aware large language models (ALLMs) can understand the textual and non-textual information in the audio input. In this paper, we explore using ALLMs as an automatic judge to assess the speaking styles of speeches. We use ALLM judges…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Cheng-Han Chiang , Xiaofei Wang , Chung-Ching Lin , Kevin Lin , Linjie Li , Radu Kopetz , Yao Qian , Zhendong Wang , Zhengyuan Yang , Hung-yi Lee , Lijuan Wang

Audio Language Models (ALMs) have recently shown strong capabilities in unified reasoning over speech, sound, and natural language; yet they inherit behavioral issues observed in Large Language Models, including sycophancy--the tendency to…

Despite the successes of language models, their evaluation remains a daunting challenge for new and existing tasks. We consider the task of text simplification, commonly used to improve information accessibility, where evaluation faces two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Joseph Liu , Yoonsoo Nam , Xinyue Cui , Swabha Swayamdipta

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have recently achieved strong performance across various audio-centric tasks. However, hallucination, where models generate responses that are semantically incorrect or acoustically unsupported, remains…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Feiyu Zhao , Yiming Chen , Wenhuan Lu , Daipeng Zhang , Xianghu Yue , Jianguo Wei

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are expected to jointly interpret vision, audio, and language, yet existing video benchmarks rarely assess fine-grained reasoning about human speech. Many tasks remain visually solvable or only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Le Thien Phuc Nguyen , Zhuoran Yu , Samuel Low Yu Hang , Subin An , Jeongik Lee , Yohan Ban , SeungEun Chung , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , JuWan Maeng , Soochahn Lee , Yong Jae Lee

Recent Audio Multimodal Large Language Models (Audio MLLMs) demonstrate impressive performance on speech benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether these models genuinely process acoustic signals or rely on text-based semantic inference. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jiaqi Xiong , Yunjia Qi , Qi Cao , Yu Zheng , Yutong Zhang , Ziteng Wang , Ruofan Liao , Weisheng Xu , Sichen Liu

Speech understanding is essential for interpreting the diverse forms of information embedded in spoken language, including linguistic, paralinguistic, and non-linguistic cues that are vital for effective human-computer interaction. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Jing Peng , Yucheng Wang , Bohan Li , Yiwei Guo , Hankun Wang , Yangui Fang , Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xu Li , Ke Zhang , Shuai Wang , Kai Yu

Subjective Answer Grading (SAG) plays a crucial role in education, standardized testing, and automated assessment systems, particularly for evaluating short-form responses in Short Answer Scoring (SAS). However, existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Peichao Lai , Kexuan Zhang , Yi Lin , Linyihan Zhang , Feiyang Ye , Jinhao Yan , Yanwei Xu , Conghui He , Yilei Wang , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Machine learning models for speech emotion recognition (SER) can be trained for different tasks and are usually evaluated based on a few available datasets per task. Tasks could include arousal, valence, dominance, emotional categories, or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-13 Anna Derington , Hagen Wierstorf , Ali Özkil , Florian Eyben , Felix Burkhardt , Björn W. Schuller

Computational paralinguistics (ComParal) aims to develop algorithms and models to automatically detect, analyze, and interpret non-verbal information from speech communication, e. g., emotion, health state, age, and gender. Despite its…

Thanks to the steady progress of large language models (LLMs), speech encoding algorithms and vocoder structure, recent advancements have enabled generating speech response directly from a user instruction. However, benchmarking the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yixuan Hou , Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Automatic speech quality assessment has become increasingly important as modern speech generation systems continue to advance, while human listening tests remain costly, time-consuming, and difficult to scale. Most existing learning-based…

Speech emotion recognition (SER), particularly for naturally expressed emotions, remains a challenging computational task. Key challenges include the inherent subjectivity in emotion annotation and the imbalanced distribution of emotion…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tiantian Feng , Thanathai Lertpetchpun , Dani Byrd , Shrikanth Narayanan

Modeling discourse -- the linguistic phenomena that go beyond individual sentences, is a fundamental yet challenging aspect of natural language processing (NLP). However, existing evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on the evaluation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Longyue Wang , Zefeng Du , Donghuai Liu , Deng Cai , Dian Yu , Haiyun Jiang , Yan Wang , Leyang Cui , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu
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