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Machine learning-based Android malware detectors often fail in real-world deployment due to domain shift, where models trained on one data source perform poorly on applications from another. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Md Rafid Islam

With the rapid growth of malware attacks, more antivirus developers consider deploying machine learning technologies into their productions. Researchers and developers published various machine learning-based detectors with high precision…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Matthew Crawford , Wei Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Minhui Xue

Android OS experiences a blazing popularity since the last few years. This predominant platform has established itself not only in the mobile world but also in the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This popularity, however, comes at the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-27 ElMouatez Billah Karbab , Mourad Debbabi , Abdelouahid Derhab , Djedjiga Mouheb

Recent advancements in ML and DL have significantly improved Android malware detection, yet many methodologies still rely on basic static analysis, bytecode, or function call graphs that often fail to capture complex malicious behaviors.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Tiezhu Sun , Nadia Daoudi , Kisub Kim , Kevin Allix , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

Managing the threat posed by malware requires accurate detection and classification techniques. Traditional detection strategies, such as signature scanning, rely on manual analysis of malware to extract relevant features, which is labor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Vrinda Malhotra , Katerina Potika , Mark Stamp

The Android OS has become the most popular mobile operating system leading to a significant increase in the spread of Android malware. Consequently, several static and dynamic analysis systems have been developed to detect Android malware.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-19 Mohammed K. Alzaylaee , Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer

Machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) have been extensively applied in malware detection, and some existing methods demonstrate robust performance. However, several issues persist in the field of malware detection: (1) Existing work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Xingyuan Wei , Yichen Liu , Ce Li , Ning Li , Degang Sun , Yan Wang

Android malware detection is a critical step towards building a security credible system. Especially, manual search for the potential malicious code has plagued program analysts for a long time. In this paper, we propose Droidetec, a deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Zhuo Ma , Haoran Ge , Zhuzhu Wang , Yang Liu , Ximeng Liu

Traditionally, machine learning methods for PE malware detection have relied on static features like byte histograms, string information, and PE header contents. One barrier to incorporating dynamic analysis features has been the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Rebecca Saul , Jingzhi Jiang , Elliott Chia , David Wagner

Due to the vast array of Android applications, their multifarious functions and intricate behavioral semantics, attackers can adopt various tactics to conceal their genuine attack intentions within legitimate functions. However, numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Wenxiang Zhao , Juntao Wu , Zhaoyi Meng

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have significantly advanced malware research by enabling automated threat detection and behavior analysis. However, the availability of exploitable data is limited, due to the absence of large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Valentin Leroy , Shuvalaxmi Dass , Sharif Ullah

In recent years, malware becomes more threatening. Concerning the increasing malware variants, there comes Machine Learning (ML)-based and Deep Learning (DL)-based approaches for heuristic detection. Nevertheless, the prediction accuracy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Yuzhou Lin

The proliferation of malware, particularly through the use of packing, presents a significant challenge to static analysis and signature-based malware detection techniques. The application of packing to the original executable code renders…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Daniel Gibert , Nikolaos Totosis , Constantinos Patsakis , Giulio Zizzo , Quan Le

While machine-learning algorithms have demonstrated a strong ability in detecting Android malware, they can be evaded by sparse evasion attacks crafted by injecting a small set of fake components, e.g., permissions and system calls, without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Marco Melis , Michele Scalas , Ambra Demontis , Davide Maiorca , Battista Biggio , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

Analyzing a huge amount of malware is a major burden for security analysts. Since emerging malware is often a variant of existing malware, automatically classifying malware into known families greatly reduces a part of their burden.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Rikima Mitsuhashi , Takahiro Shinagawa

The importance of employing machine learning for malware detection has become explicit to the security community. Several anti-malware vendors have claimed and advertised the application of machine learning in their products in which the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Mansour Ahmadi , Angelo Sotgiu , Giorgio Giacinto

As cyber threats and malware attacks increasingly alarm both individuals and businesses, the urgency for proactive malware countermeasures intensifies. This has driven a rising interest in automated machine learning solutions. Transformers,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Meryam Chaieb , Mostafa Anouar Ghorab , Mohamed Aymen Saied

Machine learning (ML) has gained significant adoption in Android malware detection to address the escalating threats posed by the rapid proliferation of malware attacks. However, recent studies have revealed the inherent vulnerabilities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yuyang Zhou , Guang Cheng , Zongyao Chen , Shui Yu

Malware is a major threat to computer systems and imposes many challenges to cyber security. Targeted threats, such as ransomware, cause millions of dollars in losses every year. The constant increase of malware infections has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Fabrício Ceschin , Marcus Botacin , Heitor Murilo Gomes , Felipe Pinagé , Luiz S. Oliveira , André Grégio

As Android has become increasingly popular, so has malware targeting it, thus pushing the research community to propose different detection techniques. However, the constant evolution of the Android ecosystem, and of malware itself, makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Lucky Onwuzurike , Enrico Mariconti , Panagiotis Andriotis , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Gordon Ross , Gianluca Stringhini