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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable empirical success, yet the absence of a principled theoretical foundation continues to hinder their systematic development. In this survey, we present differential equations as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Hongjue Zhao , Yizhuo Chen , Yuchen Wang , Hairong Qi , Lui Sha , Tarek Abdelzaher , Huajie Shao

Photonic Neural Networks (PNNs) are gaining significant interest in the research community due to their potential for high parallelization, low latency, and energy efficiency. PNNs compute using light, which leads to several differences in…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful machine learning models and have succeeded in various artificial intelligence tasks. Although various architectures and modules for the DNNs have been proposed, selecting and designing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-24 Shinichi Shirakawa , Yasushi Iwata , Youhei Akimoto

This paper introduces a framework to capture previously intractable optimization constraints and transform them to a mixed-integer linear program, through the use of neural networks. We encode the feasible space of optimization problems…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-15 Ilgiz Murzakhanov , Andreas Venzke , George S. Misyris , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Disentangling the encodings of neural models is a fundamental aspect for improving interpretability, semantic control and downstream task performance in Natural Language Processing. Currently, most disentanglement methods are unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Danilo S. Carvalho , Giangiacomo Mercatali , Yingji Zhang , Andre Freitas

Performance optimization of deep learning models is conducted either manually or through automatic architecture search, or a combination of both. On the other hand, their performance strongly depends on the target hardware and how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Vahid Partovi Nia , Alireza Ghaffari , Mahdi Zolnouri , Yvon Savaria

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted a lot of attention in scientific computing as their functional representation of partial differential equation (PDE) solutions offers flexibility and accuracy features. However, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xinquan Huang , Tariq Alkhalifah

We propose a novel perspective to understand deep neural networks in an interpretable disentanglement form. For each semantic class, we extract a class-specific functional subnetwork from the original full model, with compressed structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yulong Wang , Xiaolin Hu , Hang Su

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated impressive performance on a wide array of tasks, but they are usually considered opaque since internal structure and learned parameters are not interpretable. In this paper, we re-examine the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Fan Bao

Deep neural networks have proven remarkably effective at solving many classification problems, but have been criticized recently for two major weaknesses: the reasons behind their predictions are uninterpretable, and the predictions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Andrew Slavin Ross , Finale Doshi-Velez

Neural encoding parameters for spiking neural networks (SNNs) are typically set heuristically. We propose a reinforcement learning-based algorithm to optimize them. Applied to an SNN-based equalizer and demapper in an IM/DD system, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Eike-Manuel Edelmann , Alexander von Bank , Laurent Schmalen

The backpropagation algorithm remains the dominant and most successful method for training deep neural networks (DNNs). At the same time, training DNNs at scale comes at a significant computational cost and therefore a high carbon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sander Dalm , Joshua Offergeld , Nasir Ahmad , Marcel van Gerven

This paper proposes a paradigm of uncertainty injection for training deep learning model to solve robust optimization problems. The majority of existing studies on deep learning focus on the model learning capability, while assuming the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Wei Cui , Wei Yu

The interpretability of neural networks has recently received extensive attention. Previous prototype-based explainable networks involved prototype activation in both reasoning and interpretation processes, requiring specific explainable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yitao Peng , Yihang Liu , Longzhen Yang , Lianghua He

With the continue development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), there is a growing concern regarding representations that they encode internally. Analyzing these internal representations is referred to as model interpretation. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Hamed Behzadi-Khormouji , José Oramas

The training of deep neural networks (DNNs) requires intensive resources both for computation and for storage performance. Thus, DNNs cannot be efficiently applied to mobile phones and embedded devices, which seriously limits their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Qigong Sun , Fanhua Shang , Kang Yang , Xiufang Li , Yan Ren , Licheng Jiao

Despite their success and widespread adoption, the opaque nature of deep neural networks (DNNs) continues to hinder trust, especially in critical applications. Current interpretability solutions often yield inconsistent or oversimplified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Alec F. Diallo , Vaishak Belle , Paul Patras

We propose a novel decoding approach for neural machine translation (NMT) based on continuous optimisation. We convert decoding - basically a discrete optimization problem - into a continuous optimization problem. The resulting constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Cong Duy Vu Hoang , Gholamreza Haffari , Trevor Cohn

Recently, deep neural network (DNN) has been widely adopted in the design of intelligent communication systems thanks to its strong learning ability and low testing complexity. However, most current offline DNN-based methods still suffer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Jiabao Gao , Caijun Zhong , Geoffrey Ye Li , Zhaoyang Zhang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently achieved impressive success across a wide range of real-world vision and language processing tasks, spanning from image classification to many other downstream vision tasks, such as object…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xiangzhong Luo , Di Liu , Hao Kong , Shuo Huai , Hui Chen , Guochu Xiong , Weichen Liu