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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have effectively been demonstrated in solving forward and inverse differential equation problems, but they are still trapped in training failures when the target functions to be approximated exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Ye Li , Song-Can Chen , Sheng-Jun Huang

On-line Precision scalability of the deep neural networks(DNNs) is a critical feature to support accuracy and complexity trade-off during the DNN inference. In this paper, we propose dual-precision DNN that includes two different precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Jae Hyun Park , Ji Sub Choi , Jong Hwan Ko

Minimizing cross-entropy is a widely used method for training artificial neural networks. Many training procedures based on backpropagation use cross-entropy directly as their loss function. Instead, this theoretical essay investigates a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Stefan Jaeger

This paper empirically studies commonly observed training difficulties of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) on dynamical systems. Our results indicate that fixed points which are inherent to these systems play a key role in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Franz M. Rohrhofer , Stefan Posch , Clemens Gößnitzer , Bernhard C. Geiger

Due to divergence instability, the accuracy of low-order conforming finite element methods for nearly incompressible elasticity equations deteriorates as the Lam\'e coefficient $\lambda\to\infty$, or equivalently as the Poisson ratio…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Josef Dick , Seungchan Ko , Quoc Thong Le Gia , Kassem Mustapha , Sanghyeon Park

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve physical systems by incorporating governing partial differential equations directly into neural network training. In electromagnetism, where well-established methodologies such as FDTD and FEM…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Nilufer K. Bulut

One of the most important parts of Artificial Neural Networks is minimizing the loss functions which tells us how good or bad our model is. To minimize these losses we need to tune the weights and biases. Also to calculate the minimum value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Kaustubh Yadav

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are one popular approach to incorporate a priori knowledge about physical systems into the learning framework. PINNs are known to be robust for smaller training sets, derive better generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Birgit Hillebrecht , Benjamin Unger

The Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach is a new and promising way to solve partial differential equations using deep learning. The $L^2$ Physics-Informed Loss is the de-facto standard in training Physics-Informed Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Chuwei Wang , Shanda Li , Di He , Liwei Wang

Deep learning has been shown to be an effective tool in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) through physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs embed the PDE residual into the loss function of the neural network, and have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jeremy Yu , Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , George Em Karniadakis

The loss functions of many learning problems contain multiple additive terms that can disagree and yield conflicting update directions. For Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), loss terms on initial/boundary conditions and physics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Qiang Liu , Mengyu Chu , Nils Thuerey

We present a new physics informed neural network (PINN) algorithm for solving brittle fracture problems. While most of the PINN algorithms available in the literature minimize the residual of the governing partial differential equation, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-08 Somdatta Goswami , Cosmin Anitescu , Souvik Chakraborty , Timon Rabczuk

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a new learning paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing the constraints of physical equations, boundary conditions (BCs), and initial conditions (ICs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Chenhong Zhou , Jie Chen , Zaifeng Yang , Ching Eng Png

The advancement of artificial intelligence has cast a new light on the development of optimization algorithm. This paper proposes to learn a two-phase (including a minimization phase and an escaping phase) global optimization algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Haotian Zhang , Jianyong Sun , Zongben Xu

In this effort we propose a novel approach for reconstructing multivariate functions from training data, by identifying both a suitable network architecture and an initialization using polynomial-based approximations. Training deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Joseph Daws , Clayton G. Webster

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

Gradient descent typically converges to a single minimum of the training loss without mechanisms to explore alternative minima that may generalize better. Searching for diverse minima directly in high-dimensional parameter space is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Akshay Vegesna , Samip Dahal

Most stochastic gradient descent algorithms can optimize neural networks that are sub-differentiable in their parameters; however, this implies that the neural network's activation function must exhibit a degree of continuity which limits…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Anastasis Kratsios , Behnoosh Zamanlooy

The residual loss in Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) alters the simple recursive relation of layers in a feed-forward neural network by applying a differential operator, resulting in a loss landscape that is inherently different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Nima Hosseini Dashtbayaz , Ghazal Farhani , Boyu Wang , Charles X. Ling

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently achieved remarkable progress in solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in various fields by minimizing a weighted sum of PDE loss and boundary loss. However, there are several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jiachen Yao , Chang Su , Zhongkai Hao , Songming Liu , Hang Su , Jun Zhu