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(Abridged) We search for evidence of star-planet magnetic interactions in the nearby Proxima Centauri planetary system using high-quality, high-spectral-resolution optical observations. We measure a photospheric stellar rotation period of…

One of the major goals for astronomy in the next decades is the remote search for biosignatures (i.e.\ the spectroscopic evidence of biological activity) in exoplanets. Here, we adopt a Bayesian statistical framework to discuss the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-19 Amedeo Balbi , Claudio Grimaldi

Probing the evaporation of exoplanet atmospheres is key to understanding the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. The main tracer of evaporation in the UV is the Lyman-alpha transition, which can reveal extended exospheres.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-06 R. Allart , V. Bourrier , C. Lovis , D. Ehrenreich , J. Aceituno , A. Guijarro , F. Pepe , D. K. Sing , J. J. Spake , A. Wyttenbach

Direct imaging of exoplanets will allow us to directly observe the planet in reflected light. Such a scenario may eventually allow for the possibility to scan the planetary surface for the presence of artificial structures made by alien…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-14 Bhavesh Jaiswal

We have found that Proxima Centauri, the star closest to our Sun, will pass close to a pair of faint background stars in the next few years. Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images obtained in 2012 October, we determine that the passage…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Kailash C. Sahu , Howard E. Bond , Jay Anderson , Martin Dominik

Nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) on Earth today has biogenic and anthropogenic sources. During the COVID-19 pandemic, observations of global NO$_2$ emissions have shown significant decrease in urban areas. Drawing upon this example of NO$_2$ as an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Ravi Kopparapu , Giada Arney , Jacob Haqq-Misra , Jacob Lustig-Yaeger , Geronimo Villanueva

Detecting H2O in exoplanet atmospheres is the first step on the path to determining planet habitability. Coronagraphic design currently limits the observing strategy used to detect H2O, requiring the choice of specific bandpasses to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-02 Natasha Latouf , Avi Mandell , Geronimo Villanueva , Michael Moore , Nicholas Susemiehl , Vincent Kofman , Michael Himes

The ancestor philosophers' dream of thousands of new worlds is finally realised: about 3500 extrasolar planets have been discovered in the neighborhood of our Sun. Most of them are very different from those we used to know in our Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-22 R. Claudi

The chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere during the Archean (4 Ga-2.5 Ga) and Proterozoic eon (2.5 Ga-0.5 Ga) contrast considerably with the present-day: the Archean was rich in carbon dioxide and methane and the Proterozoic had…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-22 Armen Tokadjian , Renyu Hu , Mario Damiano

The James Webb Space Telescope and the future Habitable Worlds Observatory aim to discover exoplanet atmospheric spectra that detect life. Currently, most existing spectral "retrieval" algorithms focus on inferring the abundances of…

The scientific interest in directly image and identifying Earth-like planets within the Habitable Zone (HZ) around nearby stars is driving the design of specialized direct imaging mission such as ACESAT, EXO-C, EXO-S and AFTA-C. The inner…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-20 Eduardo Bendek , Ruslan Belikov , Julien Lozi , Sandrine Thomas , Jared Males , Sasha Weston , Michael McElwain

The mid-infrared (IR) regime is well suited to directly detect the thermal signatures of exoplanets in our solar neighborhood. The NEAR experiment: demonstration of high-contrast imaging (HCI) capability at ten microns, can reach sub-mJy…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-24 Prashant Pathak , Markus Kasper , Olivier Absil , Gilles Orban de Xivry , Ulli Käufl , Gerd Jakob , Ralf Siebenmorgen , Serban Leveratto , Eric Pantin

The direct detection of reflected light from exoplanets is an excellent probe for the characterization of their atmospheres. The greatest challenge for this task is the low planet-to-star flux ratio, which even in the most favourable case…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-06 Jorge H. C. Martins , Nuno C. Santos , Pedro Figueira , Claudio Melo

With the example of Proxima Centauri we discuss the feasibility of detecting terrestrial planets (1 to a few M_Earth) using the high precision radial velocity (RV) technique. If a very high RV precision for M stars is achieved even planets…

Proxima Centauri has become the subject of intense study since the radial-velocity discovery by Anglada-Escud\'e et al. 2016 of a planet orbiting this nearby M-dwarf every ~ 11.2 days. If Proxima Centauri b transits its host star,…

In the search for life in the cosmos, biopigments on exoplanet surfaces are a critical target. Such pigments have been detected in Earth's spectrum (by the Galileo spacecraft and in Earthshine) via the "vegetation" or "photosynthesis red…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Mia Belle Parkinson , Lisa Kaltenegger , Beth Biller , Grant Lach , Sean McMahon

Interstellar communications are achievable with gram-scale spacecraft using swarm techniques introduced herein if an adequate energy source, clocks and a suitable communications protocol exist. The essence of our approach to the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-14 T. Marshall Eubanks , W. Paul Blase , Andreas Hein , Adam Hibberd , Robert G. Kennedy

Upcoming biosignature searches focus on indirect indicators to infer the presence of life on other worlds. Aside from just signaling the presence of life, however, some biosignatures can contain information about the state that a planet's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-11 McCullen Sandora , Joseph Silk

The search for life beyond the solar system is a central goal in exoplanetary science. Exoplanet surveys are increasingly detecting potentially habitable exoplanets and large telescopes in space and on ground are aiming to detect possible…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-01 Nikku Madhusudhan

We investigate the detectability of atmospheric spectral features of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone (HZ) around M dwarfs with the future James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We use a coupled 1D climate-chemistry-model to simulate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-08 F. Wunderlich , M. Godolt , J. L. Grenfell , S. Städt , A. M. S. Smith , S. Gebauer , F. Schreier , P. Hedelt , H. Rauer