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Understanding the internal representations of large language models (LLMs) can help explain models' behavior and verify their alignment with human values. Given the capabilities of LLMs in generating human-understandable text, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Asma Ghandeharioun , Avi Caciularu , Adam Pearce , Lucas Dixon , Mor Geva

While there is increasing concern about the interpretability of neural models, the evaluation of interpretability remains an open problem, due to the lack of proper evaluation datasets and metrics. In this paper, we present a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Lijie Wang , Yaozong Shen , Shuyuan Peng , Shuai Zhang , Xinyan Xiao , Hao Liu , Hongxuan Tang , Ying Chen , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

The rapid integration of large language models (LLMs) into everyday workflows has transformed how individuals perform cognitive tasks such as writing, programming, analysis, and multilingual communication. While prior research has focused…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Hyunwoo Kim , Harin Yu , Hanau Yi

Explanation methods in Interpretable NLP often explain the model's decision by extracting evidence (rationale) from the input texts supporting the decision. Benchmark datasets for rationales have been released to evaluate how good the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Black-box deep neural networks excel in text classification, yet their application in high-stakes domains is hindered by their lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose Text Bottleneck Models (TBM), an intrinsically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Josh Magnus Ludan , Qing Lyu , Yue Yang , Liam Dugan , Mark Yatskar , Chris Callison-Burch

Interpretability of machine learning (ML) models becomes more relevant with their increasing adoption. In this work, we address the interpretability of ML based question answering (QA) models on a combination of knowledge bases (KB) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Alona Sydorova , Nina Poerner , Benjamin Roth

This paper evaluates the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in authorship attribution and authorship verification tasks for Latin texts of the Patristic Era. The study showcases that LLMs can be robust in zero-shot authorship…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Gleb Schmidt , Svetlana Gorovaia , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Language models have become very popular recently and many claims have been made about their abilities, including for commonsense reasoning. Given the increasingly better results of current language models on previous static benchmarks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Anthony G Cohn , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

Interpretability remains a key difficulty in sentiment analysis with Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in high-stakes applications where it is crucial to comprehend the rationale behind forecasts. This research addressed this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Thivya Thogesan , Anupiya Nugaliyadde , Kok Wai Wong

Most efforts in interpretability in deep learning have focused on (1) extracting explanations of a specific downstream task in relation to the input features and (2) imposing constraints on the model, often at the expense of predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Marco Bertolini , Djork-Arné Clevert , Floriane Montanari

The representation space of pretrained Language Models (LMs) encodes rich information about words and their relationships (e.g., similarity, hypernymy, polysemy) as well as abstract semantic notions (e.g., intensity). In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Qing Lyu , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Stylistic analysis of text is a key task in research areas ranging from authorship attribution to forensic analysis and personality profiling. The existing approaches for stylistic analysis are plagued by issues like topic influence, lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Ronald Wilson , Avanti Bhandarkar , Damon Woodard

Understanding the latent space geometry of large language models (LLMs) is key to interpreting their behavior and improving alignment. Yet it remains unclear to what extent LLMs linearly organize representations related to semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Baturay Saglam , Paul Kassianik , Blaine Nelson , Sajana Weerawardhena , Yaron Singer , Amin Karbasi

Activation steering methods in large language models (LLMs) have emerged as an effective way to perform targeted updates to enhance generated language without requiring large amounts of adaptation data. We ask whether the features…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Masha Fedzechkina , Eleonora Gualdoni , Sinead Williamson , Katherine Metcalf , Skyler Seto , Barry-John Theobald

Interpretability is crucial for building safe, reliable, and controllable language models, yet existing interpretability pipelines remain costly and difficult to scale. Interpreting a new model typically requires training model-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bruno Puri , Jim Berend , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek

Language style is necessary for AI systems to understand and generate diverse human language accurately. However, previous text style transfer primarily focused on sentence-level data-driven approaches, limiting exploration of potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Huashan Sun , Yixiao Wu , Yuhao Ye , Yizhe Yang , Yinghao Li , Jiawei Li , Yang Gao

The success of neural networks comes hand in hand with a desire for more interpretability. We focus on text classifiers and make them more interpretable by having them provide a justification, a rationale, for their predictions. We approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Jasmijn Bastings , Wilker Aziz , Ivan Titov

Learning disentangled representations of natural language is essential for many NLP tasks, e.g., conditional text generation, style transfer, personalized dialogue systems, etc. Similar problems have been studied extensively for other forms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Pengyu Cheng , Martin Renqiang Min , Dinghan Shen , Christopher Malon , Yizhe Zhang , Yitong Li , Lawrence Carin

This paper proposes a general interpretable predictive system with shared information. The system is able to perform predictions in a multi-task setting where distinct tasks are not bound to have the same input/output structure. Embeddings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Maciej Żelaszczyk , Jacek Mańdziuk

With the growing popularity of general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), comes a need for more global explanations of model behaviors. Concept-based explanations arise as a promising avenue for explaining high-level patterns learned by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Meng Li , Haoran Jin , Ruixuan Huang , Zhihao Xu , Defu Lian , Zijia Lin , Di Zhang , Xiting Wang