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Production-grade LLM systems require robust adherence to dozens or even hundreds of instructions simultaneously. However, the instruction-following capabilities of LLMs at high instruction densities have not yet been characterized, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Daniel Jaroslawicz , Brendan Whiting , Parth Shah , Karime Maamari

Personalized learning is a student-centered educational approach that adapts content, pace, and assessment to meet each learner's unique needs. As the key technique to implement the personalized learning, learning path recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Afsana Nasrin , Lijun Qian , Pamela Obiomon , Xishuang Dong

The ability to follow instructions is crucial for Large Language Models (LLMs) to handle various real-world applications. Existing benchmarks primarily focus on evaluating pure response quality, rather than assessing whether the response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yuxin Jiang , Yufei Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Wanjun Zhong , Liangyou Li , Fei Mi , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Wei Wang

Instruction tuning has become the de facto method to equip large language models (LLMs) with the ability of following user instructions. Usually, hundreds of thousands or millions of instruction-following pairs are employed to fine-tune the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Qianlong Du , Chengqing Zong , Jiajun Zhang

In-context learning (ICL) is an important yet not fully understood ability of pre-trained large language models (LLMs). It can greatly enhance task performance using a few examples, termed demonstrations, without fine-tuning. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Do Xuan Long , Duong Ngoc Yen , Do Xuan Trong , Luu Anh Tuan , Kenji Kawaguchi , Shafiq Joty , Min-Yen Kan , Nancy F. Chen

Designing effective task-level prompts is crucial for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). While prior work on instruction induction demonstrates that LLMs can infer better instructions with limited examples, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Po-Chun Chen , Hen-Hsen Huang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Alignment is a crucial step to enhance the instruction-following and conversational abilities of language models. Despite many recent work proposing new algorithms, datasets, and training pipelines, there is a lack of comprehensive studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Xiao Yu , Qingyang Wu , Yu Li , Zhou Yu

Learning paradigms for large language models (LLMs) currently tend to fall within either in-context learning (ICL) or full fine-tuning. Each of these comes with their own trade-offs based on available data, model size, compute cost,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Xinyi Wang , John Wieting , Jonathan H. Clark

Modern Language Models (LMs) are capable of following long and complex instructions that enable a large and diverse set of user requests. While Information Retrieval (IR) models use these LMs as the backbone of their architectures,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Orion Weller , Benjamin Chang , Sean MacAvaney , Kyle Lo , Arman Cohan , Benjamin Van Durme , Dawn Lawrie , Luca Soldaini

Recent advancements in machine learning provide methods to train autonomous agents capable of handling the increasing complexity of sequential decision-making in robotics. Imitation Learning (IL) is a prominent approach, where agents learn…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jonas Werner , Kun Chu , Cornelius Weber , Stefan Wermter

The field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) focuses on the intersection of technology, education, and psychology, placing a strong emphasis on supporting learners' needs with compassion and understanding. The growing prominence…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 John Stamper , Ruiwei Xiao , Xinying Hou

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance human capabilities, assisting with digital tasks from sending emails to performing data analysis. The abilities of existing LLMs at such tasks are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hongjin Su , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Pengcheng Yin , Tao Yu , Sercan Ö. Arık

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential across various industries due to their remarkable ability to generalize through instruction tuning. However, the limited availability of domain-specific data significantly hampers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yang Zhao , Li Du , Xiao Ding , Yangou Ouyang , Hepeng Wang , Kai Xiong , Jinglong Gao , Zhouhao Sun , Dongliang Xu , Yang Qing , Dongchen Li , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Instruction tuning has empowered large language models (LLMs) to achieve remarkable performance, yet its success heavily depends on the availability of large-scale, high-quality instruction-response pairs. To meet this demand, various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Fanyi Yang , Jianfeng Liu , Xin Zhang , Haoyu Liu , Xixin Cao , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive few-shot generalization on many tasks via in-context learning (ICL). Despite their success in showing such emergent abilities, the scale and complexity of larger models also lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chengwei Qin , Wenhan Xia , Fangkai Jiao , Chen Chen , Yuchen Hu , Bosheng Ding , Ruirui Chen , Shafiq Joty

Large language models are increasingly deployed across diverse applications. This often includes tasks LLMs have not encountered during training. This implies that enumerating and obtaining the high-quality training data for all tasks is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Shambhavi Krishna , Atharva Naik , Chaitali Agarwal , Sudharshan Govindan , Taesung Lee , Haw-Shiuan Chang

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a critical step in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human instructions and values, yet many aspects of SFT remain poorly understood. We trained a wide range of base models on a variety of datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yuto Harada , Yusuke Yamauchi , Yusuke Oda , Yohei Oseki , Yusuke Miyao , Yu Takagi

Following the initial flourishing of large language models (LLMs), there has been a surge in proposed large vision-language models (LVLMs) that integrate LLMs with vision capabilities. However, it has been observed that LVLMs, after tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Daiki Shiono , Shumpei Miyawaki , Ryota Tanaka , Jun Suzuki

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created a significant disparity: industrial research labs with their computational resources, expert teams, and advanced infrastructures, can effectively fine-tune LLMs, while individual…

Online dialogic instructions are a set of pedagogical instructions used in real-world online educational contexts to motivate students, help understand learning materials, and build effective study habits. In spite of the popularity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jiahao Chen , Shuyan Huang , Zitao Liu , Weiqi Luo