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Ambisonics encoding of microphone array signals can enable various spatial audio applications, such as virtual reality or telepresence, but it is typically designed for uniformly-spaced spherical microphone arrays. This paper proposes a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-12 Mikko Heikkinen , Archontis Politis , Tuomas Virtanen

We present a deep neural network approach for encoding microphone array signals into Ambisonics that generalizes to arbitrary microphone array configurations with fixed microphone count but varying locations and frequency-dependent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Mikko Heikkinen , Archontis Politis , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen

In the rapidly evolving fields of virtual and augmented reality, accurate spatial audio capture and reproduction are essential. For these applications, Ambisonics has emerged as a standard format. However, existing methods for encoding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-27 Yhonatan Gayer , Vladimir Tourbabin , Zamir Ben-Hur , Jacob Donley , Boaz Rafaely

Multichannel speech enhancement leverages spatial cues to improve intelligibility and quality, but most learning-based methods rely on specific microphone array geometry, unable to account for geometry changes. To mitigate this limitation,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Michael Tatarjitzky , Boaz Rafaely

Emerging wearable devices such as smartglasses and extended reality headsets demand high-quality spatial audio capture from compact, head-worn microphone arrays. Ambisonics provides a device-agnostic spatial audio representation by mapping…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Thomas Deppisch , Yang Gao , Manan Mittal , Benjamin Stahl , Christoph Hold , David Alon , Zamir Ben-Hur

Ambisonics Signal Matching (ASM) is a recently proposed signal-independent approach to encoding Ambisonic signal from wearable microphone arrays, enabling efficient and standardized spatial sound reproduction. However, reproduction accuracy…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Yhonatan Gayer , Vladimir Tourbabin , Zamir Ben-Hur , David Alon , Boaz Rafaely

Using deep neural networks (DNNs) for encoding of microphone array (MA) signals to the Ambisonics spatial audio format can surpass certain limitations of established conventional methods, but existing DNN-based methods need to be trained…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-15 Mikko Heikkinen , Archontis Politis , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen

In this work, we address the challenge of encoding speech captured by a microphone array using deep learning techniques with the aim of preserving and accurately reconstructing crucial spatial cues embedded in multi-channel recordings. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhongweiyang Xu , Yong Xu , Vinay Kothapally , Heming Wang , Muqiao Yang , Dong Yu

This document illustrates how to process the signals from the microphones of a rigid-sphere higher-order ambisonic microphone array so that they are encoded with N3D normalization and ACN channel order and thereby can be used with the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Jens Ahrens

Ambisonics, a popular format of spatial audio, is the spherical harmonic (SH) representation of the plane wave density function of a sound field. Many algorithms operate in the SH domain and utilize the Ambisonics as their input signal. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-01 Bar Shaybet , Anurag Kumar , Vladimir Tourbabin , Boaz Rafaely

Scene-based spatial audio formats, such as Ambisonics, are playback system agnostic and may therefore be favoured for delivering immersive audio experiences to a wide range of (potentially unknown) devices. The number of channels required…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-25 Christoph Hold , Leo McCormack , Archontis Politis , Ville Pulkki

Ambisonics is an established framework to capture, process, and reproduce spatial sound fields based on its spherical harmonics representation. We propose a generalization of conventional spherical ambisonics to the spheroidal coordinate…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Shoken Kaneko

Spatial aliasing affects spaced microphone arrays, causing directional ambiguity above certain frequencies, degrading spatial and spectral accuracy of beamformers. Given the limitations of conventional signal processing and the scarcity of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Mateusz Guzik , Giulio Cengarle , Daniel Arteaga

The equatorial microphone array presented in (Ahrens et al., 2021) computes a spherical harmonic (SH) representation of a sound field based on pressure sensors along the equator of a rigid spherical baffle. The original formulation uses…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Jens Ahrens

Multi-channel acoustic signal processing is a well-established and powerful tool to exploit the spatial diversity between a target signal and non-target or noise sources for signal enhancement. However, the textbook solutions for optimal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Reinhold Haeb-Umbach , Tomohiro Nakatani , Marc Delcroix , Christoph Boeddeker , Tsubasa Ochiai

In this paper we discuss the motivation, design, and analysis of ambisonic decoders for systems where the vertical order is less than the horizontal order, known as mixed-order Ambisonic systems. This can be due to the use of microphone…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Aaron Heller , Eric Benjamin , Fernando Lopez-Lezcano

Ambisonics is a spatial audio format describing a sound field. First-order Ambisonics (FOA) is a popular format comprising only four channels. This limited channel count comes at the expense of spatial accuracy. Ideally one would be able to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Ismael Nawfal , Symeon Delikaris Manias , Mehrez Souden , Juha Merimaa , Joshua Atkins , Elisabeth McMullin , Shadi Pirhosseinloo , Daniel Phillips

This work introduces a novel method for binaural reproduction from arbitrary microphone arrays, based on array-aware optimization of Ambisonics encoding through Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) pre-processing. The proposed approach…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-20 Yhonatan Gayer , Vladimir Tourbabin , Zamir Ben Hur , David Lou Alon , Boaz Rafaely

Ambisonics is a scene-based spatial audio format that has several useful features compared to object-based formats, such as efficient whole scene rotation and versatility. However, it does not provide direct access to the individual source…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Francesc Lluís , Nils Meyer-Kahlen , Vasileios Chatziioannou , Alex Hofmann

Ambisonics is a complete theory for spatial audio whose building blocks are the spherical harmonics. Some of the drawbacks of low order Ambisonics, like poor source directivity and small sweet-spot, are directly related to the properties of…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Davide Scaini
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