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Valiant's Holant theorem is a powerful tool for algorithms and reductions for counting problems. It states that if two sets $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{G}$ of tensors (a.k.a. constraint functions or signatures) are related by a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jin-Yi Cai , Ben Young

Holographic algorithms are a recent breakthrough in computer science and has found applications in information theory. This paper provides a proof to the central component of holographic algorithms, namely, the Holant theorem. Compared with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-05-11 Ali Al-Bashabsheh , Yongyi Mao , Abbas Yongacoglu

This paper stands at the intersection of two distinct lines of research. One line is "holographic algorithms," a powerful approach introduced by Valiant for solving various counting problems in computer science; the other is "normal factor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-22 Ali Al-Bashabsheh , Yongyi Mao

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for Holant problems over an arbitrary set of complex-valued symmetric constraint functions F on Boolean variables. This extends and unifies all previous dichotomies for Holant problems on symmetric…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Jin-Yi Cai , Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

Holant problems are a family of counting problems on graphs, parametrised by sets of complex-valued functions of Boolean inputs. Holant^c denotes a subfamily of those problems, where any function set considered must contain the two unary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-05 Miriam Backens

Holant problems capture a class of Sum-of-Product computations such as counting matchings. It is inspired by holographic algorithms and is equivalent to tensor networks, with counting CSP being a special case. A classification for Holant…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Jin-Yi Cai , Pinyan Lu , Mingji Xia

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for a class of Holant problems on planar 3-regular bipartite graphs. The complexity dichotomy states that for every weighted constraint function $f$ defining the problem (the weights can even be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jin-Yi Cai , Austen Z. Fan

Holant problem is a general framework to study the computational complexity of counting problems. We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for Holant problems over Boolean domain with non-negative weights. It is the first complete Holant…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Jiabao Lin , Hanpin Wang

Holant problems are a framework for the analysis of counting complexity problems on graphs. This framework is simultaneously general enough to encompass many other counting problems on graphs and specific enough to allow the derivation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-03 Miriam Backens

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for Holant Problems on 3-regular graphs with an arbitrary complex-valued edge function. Three new techniques are introduced: (1) higher dimensional iterations in interpolation; (2) Eigenvalue Shifted…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-08-09 Michael Kowalczyk , Jin-Yi Cai

Holant problems are a family of counting problems parameterised by sets of algebraic-complex valued constraint functions, and defined on graphs. They arise from the theory of holographic algorithms, which was originally inspired by concepts…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Miriam Backens

Holant problems are a general framework to study the algorithmic complexity of counting problems. Both counting constraint satisfaction problems and graph homomorphisms are special cases. All previous results of Holant problems are over the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-07-11 Jin-Yi Cai , Pinyan Lu , Mingji Xia

We explore the intricate interdependent relationship among counting problems, considered from three frameworks for such problems: Holant Problems, counting CSP and weighted H-colorings. We consider these problems for general complex valued…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-14 Jin-Yi Cai , Sangxia Huang , Pinyan Lu

Holant problems are a general framework to study the computational complexity of counting problems. It is a more expressive framework than counting constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) which are in turn more expressive than counting graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jin-Yi Cai , Jin Soo Ihm

Holographic algorithms introduced by Valiant are composed of two ingredients: matchgates, which are gadgets realizing local constraint functions by weighted planar perfect matchings, and holographic reductions, which show equivalences among…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Jin-Yi Cai , Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

\textsf{Holant} is an essential framework in the field of counting complexity. For over fifteen years, researchers have been clarifying the complexity classification for complex-valued \textsf{Holant} on the Boolean domain, a challenge that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Boning Meng , Juqiu Wang , Mingji Xia , Jiayi Zheng

Valiant introduced matchgate computation and holographic algorithms. A number of seemingly exponential time problems can be solved by this novel algorithmic paradigm in polynomial time. We show that, in a very strong sense, matchgate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-08-05 Jin-Yi Cai , Pinyan Lu , Mingji Xia

We prove a complexity dichotomy for a class of counting problems expressible as bipartite 3-regular Holant problems. For every problem of the form $\operatorname{Holant}\left(f\mid =_3 \right)$, where $f$ is any integer-valued ternary…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Jin-Yi Cai , Austen Z. Fan , Yin Liu

We present fully polynomial-time (deterministic or randomised) approximation schemes for Holant problems, defined by a non-negative constraint function satisfying a generalised second order recurrence modulo a couple of exceptional cases.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Heng Guo , Chao Liao , Pinyan Lu , Chihao Zhang

We show for a broad class of counting problems, correlation decay (strong spatial mixing) implies FPTAS on planar graphs. The framework for the counting problems considered by us is the Holant problems with arbitrary constant-size domain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-07-17 Yitong Yin , Chihao Zhang
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