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Recent advancements in autonomous driving (AD) have explored the use of vision-language models (VLMs) within visual question answering (VQA) frameworks for direct driving decision-making. However, these approaches often depend on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xin Hu , Taotao Jing , Renran Tian , Zhengming Ding

Autonomous driving (AD) technology, leveraging artificial intelligence, strives for vehicle automation. End-toend strategies, emerging to simplify traditional driving systems by integrating perception, decision-making, and control, offer…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Dong Hu , Chao Huang , Jingda Wu , Hongbo Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs), AI models trained on massive text corpora with remarkable language understanding and generation capabilities, are transforming the field of Autonomous Driving (AD). As AD systems evolve from rule-based and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yun Li , Kai Katsumata , Ehsan Javanmardi , Manabu Tsukada

In this paper, we explore the potential of using a large language model (LLM) to understand the driving environment in a human-like manner and analyze its ability to reason, interpret, and memorize when facing complex scenarios. We argue…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Daocheng Fu , Xin Li , Licheng Wen , Min Dou , Pinlong Cai , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have demonstrated immense potential in autonomous driving (AD) by offering human-like reasoning and open-world generalization. However, the excessive computational overhead and high…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruoyu Yao , Ruiguo Zhong , Pei Liu , Mingxing Peng , Rui Yang , Jun Ma

Expected to provide higher transportation efficiency and security, autonomous driving has attracted substantial attentions from both industry and academia. Meanwhile, the emergence of edge intelligence has further introduced significant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Yunqi Feng , Hesheng Shen , Zhendong Shan , Qianqian Yang , Xiufang Shi

End-to-End driving is a promising paradigm as it circumvents the drawbacks associated with modular systems, such as their overwhelming complexity and propensity for error propagation. Autonomous driving transcends conventional traffic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Pranav Singh Chib , Pravendra Singh

Recent advancements in open-source Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as LLaVA, Qwen-VL, and Llama have catalyzed extensive research on their integration with diverse systems. The internet-scale general knowledge encapsulated within these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Cristian Gariboldi , Hayato Tokida , Ken Kinjo , Yuki Asada , Alexander Carballo

Scene understanding is a vital part of autonomous driving systems, which requires the use of deep learning models. Deep learning methods are intrinsically black box models, which lack transparency and safety in autonomous driving. To make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Maryam Sadat Hosseini Azad , Shahriar Baradaran Shokouhi

Achieving full automation in self-driving vehicles remains a challenge, especially in dynamic urban environments where navigation requires real-time adaptability. Existing systems struggle to handle navigation plans when faced with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Augusto Luis Ballardini , Miguel Ángel Sotelo

Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promising applications for the perception and planning tasks in autonomous driving (AD) due to its superior performance compared to conventional methods. However, inscrutable AI systems exacerbate the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Anton Kuznietsov , Balint Gyevnar , Cheng Wang , Steven Peters , Stefano V. Albrecht

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) must be both safe and trustworthy to gain social acceptance and become a viable option for everyday public transportation. Explanations about the system behaviour can increase safety and trust in AVs.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Dominik Grundt , Ishan Saxena , Malte Petersen , Bernd Westphal , Eike Möhlmann

Human-level driving is an ultimate goal of autonomous driving. Conventional approaches formulate autonomous driving as a perception-prediction-planning framework, yet their systems do not capitalize on the inherent reasoning ability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiageng Mao , Junjie Ye , Yuxi Qian , Marco Pavone , Yue Wang

Most Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) research overlooks the maneuvering needs of passengers in autonomous driving (AD). Natural language offers an intuitive interface, yet translating passenger open-ended instructions into control signals,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiawei Liu , Xun Gong , Fen Fang , Muli Yang , Bohao Qu , Yunfeng Hu , Hong Chen , Xulei Yang , Qing Guo

Interpretability is crucial for building safe, reliable, and controllable language models, yet existing interpretability pipelines remain costly and difficult to scale. Interpreting a new model typically requires training model-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bruno Puri , Jim Berend , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are creating new opportunities for Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT) in tasks, missions, and continuous coordinated activities. A major challenge is enabling humans to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Abdul Mannan Mohammed , Azhar Ali Mohammad , Jason A. Ortiz , Carsten Neumann , Grace Bochenek , Dirk Reiners , Carolina Cruz-Neira

We present HADA (Human-AI Agent Decision Alignment), a protocol- and framework agnostic reference architecture that keeps both large language model (LLM) agents and legacy algorithms aligned with organizational targets and values. HADA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Tapio Pitkäranta , Leena Pitkäranta

Efficient reasoning about the semantic, spatial, and temporal structure of a scene is a crucial prerequisite for autonomous driving. We present NEural ATtention fields (NEAT), a novel representation that enables such reasoning for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Kashyap Chitta , Aditya Prakash , Andreas Geiger

Labeling neural network submodules with human-legible descriptions is useful for many downstream tasks: such descriptions can surface failures, guide interventions, and perhaps even explain important model behaviors. To date, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Sarah Schwettmann , Tamar Rott Shaham , Joanna Materzynska , Neil Chowdhury , Shuang Li , Jacob Andreas , David Bau , Antonio Torralba

This paper explores the emerging knowledge-driven autonomous driving technologies. Our investigation highlights the limitations of current autonomous driving systems, in particular their sensitivity to data bias, difficulty in handling…