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Gradient Descent (GD) and its variants are the primary tool for enabling efficient training of recurrent dynamical systems such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Neural ODEs and Gated Recurrent units (GRUs). The dynamics that are formed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 James Hazelden , Laura Driscoll , Eli Shlizerman , Eric Shea-Brown

There introduce Particle Optimized Gradient Descent (POGD), an algorithm based on the gradient descent but integrates the particle swarm optimization (PSO) principle to achieve the iteration. From the experiments, this algorithm has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Feihu Han , Sida Xing , Sui Yang Khoo

We present a coupled system of ODEs which, when discretized with a constant time step/learning rate, recovers Nesterov's accelerated gradient descent algorithm. The same ODEs, when discretized with a decreasing learning rate, leads to novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-02 Maxime Laborde , Adam M. Oberman

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the workhorse of modern machine learning. Sometimes, there are many different potential gradient estimators that can be used. When so, choosing the one with the best tradeoff between cost and variance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tomas Geffner , Justin Domke

Neural networks are usually trained by some form of stochastic gradient descent (SGD)). A number of strategies are in common use intended to improve SGD optimization, such as learning rate schedules, momentum, and batching. These are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-13 Thomas M. Breuel

Stochastic gradient methods (SGMs) are the predominant approaches to train deep learning models. The adaptive versions (e.g., Adam and AMSGrad) have been extensively used in practice, partly because they achieve faster convergence than the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Yangyang Xu , Yibo Xu , Yonggui Yan , Colin Sutcher-Shepard , Leopold Grinberg , Jie Chen

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has been the method of choice for learning large-scale non-convex models. While a general analysis of when SGD works has been elusive, there has been a lot of recent progress in understanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Satyen Kale , Jason D. Lee , Chris De Sa , Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan

Decoupled learning is a branch of model parallelism which parallelizes the training of a network by splitting it depth-wise into multiple modules. Techniques from decoupled learning usually lead to stale gradient effect because of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Huiping Zhuang , Zhiping Lin , Kar-Ann Toh

A variant of consensus based distributed gradient descent (\textbf{DGD}) is studied for finite sums of smooth but possibly non-convex functions. In particular, the local gradient term in the fixed step-size iteration of each agent is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Lei Qin , Michael Cantoni , Ye Pu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a promising numerical method for solving large-scale inverse problems. However, its theoretical properties remain largely underexplored in the lens of classical regularization theory. In this note, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-22 Tim Jahn , Bangti Jin

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has taken the stage as the primary workhorse for large-scale machine learning. It is often used with its adaptive variants such as AdaGrad, Adam, and AMSGrad. This paper proposes an adaptive stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Tianyi Chen , Ziye Guo , Yuejiao Sun , Wotao Yin

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods are prominent for training machine learning and deep learning models. The performance of these techniques depends on their hyperparameter tuning over time and varies for different models and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-22 Tomer Lancewicki , Selcuk Kopru

It is well-known that the reparameterisation gradient estimator, which exhibits low variance in practice, is biased for non-differentiable models. This may compromise correctness of gradient-based optimisation methods such as stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Dominik Wagner , Basim Khajwal , C. -H. Luke Ong

We investigate the convergence rates and data sample sizes required for training a machine learning model using a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm, where data points are sampled based on either their loss value or uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Daniel Haimovich , Dima Karamshuk , Fridolin Linder , Niek Tax , Milan Vojnovic

Minimax optimal convergence rates for classes of stochastic convex optimization problems are well characterized, where the majority of results utilize iterate averaged stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with polynomially decaying step sizes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Rong Ge , Sham M. Kakade , Rahul Kidambi , Praneeth Netrapalli

With the fast development of deep learning, it has become common to learn big neural networks using massive training data. Asynchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (ASGD) is widely adopted to fulfill this task for its efficiency, which is,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Shuxin Zheng , Qi Meng , Taifeng Wang , Wei Chen , Nenghai Yu , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu

Understanding the behavior of stochastic gradient methods is a central problem in modern machine learning. Recent work has highlighted diagonal linear networks as a simplified yet expressive setting for analyzing the optimization and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Begoña García Malaxechebarría , Courtney Paquette , Maryam Fazel , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy

There are several applications of stochastic optimization where one can benefit from a robust estimate of the gradient. For example, domains such as distributed learning with corrupted nodes, the presence of large outliers in the training…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-30 Fabian Schaipp , Guillaume Garrigos , Umut Simsekli , Robert Gower

We propose and analyze a new type of stochastic first order method: gradient descent with compressed iterates (GDCI). GDCI in each iteration first compresses the current iterate using a lossy randomized compression technique, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Ahmed Khaled , Peter Richtárik

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its Ruppert-Polyak averaged variant (ASGD) lie at the heart of modern large-scale learning, yet their theoretical properties in high-dimensional settings are rarely understood. In this paper, we provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Jiaqi Li , Zhipeng Lou , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber , Wei Biao Wu