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In many physical systems, inputs related by intrinsic system symmetries are mapped to the same output. When inverting such systems, i.e., solving the associated inverse problems, there is no unique solution. This causes fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Kshitij Tayal , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Vipin Kumar , Ju Sun

Symmetry plays a crucial role in understanding the properties of mathematical structures and optimization problems. Recent work has explored this phenomenon in the context of neural networks, where the loss function is invariant under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Irmi Schneider

Symmetries have proven to be important ingredients in the analysis of neural networks. So far their use has mostly been implicit or seemingly coincidental. We undertake a systematic study of the role that symmetry plays. In particular, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Grzegorz Głuch , Rüdiger Urbanke

We propose a novel framework to analyze symmetry breaking in dynamical systems through the lens of entropy and information transfer. Information transfer quantifies the directional exchange of entropy between observables, allowing us to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Subhrajit Sinha , Parvathi Kooloth

Symmetry is present throughout nature and continues to play an increasingly central role in physics and machine learning. Fundamental symmetries, such as Poincar\'{e} invariance, allow physical laws discovered in laboratories on Earth to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Samuel E. Otto , Nicholas Zolman , J. Nathan Kutz , Steven L. Brunton

Deep learning models have proven enormously successful at using multiple layers of representation to learn relevant features of structured data. Encoding physical symmetries into these models can improve performance on difficult tasks, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Cassidy Ashworth , Pietro Liò , Francesco Caso

Symmetry-aware methods for machine learning, such as data augmentation and equivariant architectures, encourage correct model behavior on all transformations (e.g. rotations or permutations) of the original dataset. These methods can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hannah Lawrence , Elyssa Hofgard , Vasco Portilheiro , Yuxuan Chen , Tess Smidt , Robin Walters

Neural networks are a central technique in machine learning. Recent years have seen a wave of interest in applying neural networks to physical systems for which the governing dynamics are known and expressed through differential equations.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-01-31 M. Mattheakis , P. Protopapas , D. Sondak , M. Di Giovanni , E. Kaxiras

Virtually all network analyses involve structural measures between pairs of vertices, or of the vertices themselves, and the large amount of symmetry present in real-world complex networks is inherited by such measures. This has practical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-05 Rubén J. Sánchez-García

Symmetry is one of the most central concepts in physics, and it is no surprise that it has also been widely adopted as an inductive bias for machine-learning models applied to the physical sciences. This is especially true for models…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Marcel F. Langer , Sergey N. Pozdnyakov , Michele Ceriotti

The dynamics of learning in modern large AI systems is hierarchical, often characterized by abrupt, qualitative shifts akin to phase transitions observed in physical systems. While these phenomena hold promise for uncovering the mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Liu Ziyin , Yizhou Xu , Tomaso Poggio , Isaac Chuang

A geometric mechanism that may, in analogy to similar notions in physics, be considered as "symmetry breaking" in geometry is described, and several instances of this mechanism in differential geometry are discussed: it is shown how…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Andreas Fuchs , Udo Hertrich-Jeromin , Mason Pember

Complex networks are the subject of fundamental interest from the scientific community at large. Several metrics have been introduced to characterize the structure of these networks, such as the degree distribution, degree correlation, path…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-01-14 Francesco Sorrentino , Abu Bakar Siddique , Louis M. Pecora

In this note, we consider the highly nonconvex optimization problem associated with computing the rank decomposition of symmetric tensors. We formulate the invariance properties of the loss function and show that critical points detected by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Yossi Arjevani , Joan Bruna , Michael Field , Joe Kileel , Matthew Trager , Francis Williams

Symmetry, a central concept in understanding the laws of nature, has been used for centuries in physics, mathematics, and chemistry, to help make mathematical models tractable. Yet, despite its power, symmetry has not been used extensively…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-11 Doron L. Bergman

Optimization networks are a new methodology for holistically solving interrelated problems that have been developed with combinatorial optimization problems in mind. In this contribution we revisit the core principles of optimization…

Structural pruning of neural networks conventionally relies on identifying and discarding less important neurons, a practice often resulting in significant accuracy loss that necessitates subsequent fine-tuning efforts. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Alexander Theus , Olin Geimer , Friedrich Wicke , Thomas Hofmann , Sotiris Anagnostidis , Sidak Pal Singh

Many algorithms and observed phenomena in deep learning appear to be affected by parameter symmetries -- transformations of neural network parameters that do not change the underlying neural network function. These include linear mode…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Derek Lim , Theo Moe Putterman , Robin Walters , Haggai Maron , Stefanie Jegelka

When artificial neural networks have demonstrated exceptional practical success in a variety of domains, investigations into their theoretical characteristics, such as their approximation power, statistical properties, and generalization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-06 Shijin Gong , Xinyu Zhang

Understanding the dynamics of neural network parameters during training is one of the key challenges in building a theoretical foundation for deep learning. A central obstacle is that the motion of a network in high-dimensional parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Daniel Kunin , Javier Sagastuy-Brena , Surya Ganguli , Daniel L. K. Yamins , Hidenori Tanaka