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Quantum computing holds promise across various fields, particularly with the advent of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, which can outperform classical supercomputers in specific tasks. However, challenges such as noise and…

We present a method to split quantum circuits of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to allow for parallel training and execution, that maximally exploits the limited number of qubits in hardware to solve large problem instances. We apply…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-07 Michele Cattelan , Sheir Yarkoni

The variational quantum eigensolver (or VQE) uses the variational principle to compute the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian, a problem that is central to quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics. Conventional computing methods are…

This paper develops a distributed variational quantum algorithm for solving large-scale linear equations. For a linear system of the form $Ax=b$, the large square matrix $A$ is partitioned into smaller square block submatrices, each of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Tong Shen , Zeru Zhu , Ji Liu

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have the potential of utilizing near-term quantum machines to gain certain computational advantages over classical methods. Nevertheless, modern VQAs suffer from cumbersome computational overhead,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-25 Yuxuan Du , Yang Qian , Dacheng Tao

The variational principle serves as a fundamental framework for describing equilibrium states of physical systems via the minimization or extremization of an energy-like functional. While quantum algorithms have demonstrated promising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Katsuhiro Endo , Kazuaki Z. Takahashi

The Poisson equation has wide applications in many areas of science and engineering. Although there are some quantum algorithms that can efficiently solve the Poisson equation, they generally require a fault-tolerant quantum computer which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Hailing Liu , Yusen Wu , Linchun Wan , Shijie Pan , Sujuan Qin , Fei Gao , Qiaoyan Wen

Quantum linear system (QLS) algorithms offer the potential to solve large-scale linear systems exponentially faster than classical methods. However, applying QLS algorithms to real-world problems remains challenging due to issues such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Austin Pechan , John Golden , Daniel O'Malley

Given a matrix $A$ of dimension $M \times N$ and a vector $\vec{b}$, the quantum linear system (QLS) problem asks for the preparation of a quantum state $|\vec{y}\rangle$ proportional to the solution of $A\vec{y} = \vec{b}$. Existing QLS…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Jianqiang Li

Current quantum simulators suffer from multiple limitations such as short coherence time, noisy operations, faulty readout and restricted qubit connectivity in some platforms. Variational quantum algorithms are the most promising approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Chufan Lyu , Xiaoyu Tang , Junning Li , Xusheng Xu , Man-Hong Yung , Abolfazl Bayat

We present a systematic pathway for solving differential equations within the quantum linear systems framework by combining block encoding with Quantum Singular Value Transformation (QSVT). The approach is demonstrated on a complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Abhishek Setty

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm designed for current and near-term quantum devices. Despite its initial success, there is a lack of understanding involving several of its key aspects. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Manpreet Singh Jattana , Fengping Jin , Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) provide a promising approach to achieving quantum advantage for practical problems on near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Thus far, most studies on VQAs have focused on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-06 Yutaro Enomoto , Keitaro Anai , Kenta Udagawa , Shuntaro Takeda

Quantum computers have the potential to deliver speed-ups for solving certain important problems that are intractable for classical counterparts, making them a promising avenue for advancing modern computation. However, many quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Kang-Min Hu , Min Namkung , Hyang-Tag Lim

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are relatively robust to noise, but errors are still a significant detriment to VQAs on near-term quantum machines. It is imperative to employ error mitigation techniques to improve VQA fidelity. While…

As we are entering the era of constructing practical quantum computers, suppressing the inevitable noise to accomplish reliable computational tasks will be the primary goal. Leakage noise, as the amplitude population leaking outside the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Shuo Zhang , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Quantum annealers provide an effective framework for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. This work presents a novel methodology for training Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) by reformulating the parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Ernesto Acosta , Guillermo Botella , Carlos Cano

Simulating quantum circuits using classical computers can accelerate the development and validation of quantum algorithms. Our newly developed algorithm, variational quantum search (VQS), has shown an exponential advantage over Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Mohammadreza Soltaninia , Junpeng Zhan

This work presents a comprehensive overview of variational quantum computing and their key role in advancing quantum simulation. This work explores the simulation of quantum systems and sets itself apart from approaches centered on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Lucas Q. Galvão , Anna Beatriz M. de Souza , Marcelo A. Moret , Clebson Cruz

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computers will require error-free execution of long sequences of quantum gate operations, which is expected to involve millions of physical qubits. Before the full power of such machines will be available,…