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Formally verifying properties of software code has been a highly desirable task, especially with the emergence of LLM-generated code. In the same vein, they provide an interesting avenue for the exploration of formal verification and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Balaji Rao , William Eiers , Carlo Lipizzi

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has become the de facto method to elicit reasoning capabilities from large language models (LLMs). However, to mitigate hallucinations in CoT that are notoriously difficult to detect, current methods such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Chengwu Liu , Ye Yuan , Yichun Yin , Yan Xu , Xin Xu , Zaoyu Chen , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Ming Zhang

We address the problem of translating informal mathematical proofs expressed in natural language into formal proofs in Lean4 under a constrained computational budget. Our approach is grounded in two key insights. First, informal proofs tend…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ziyu Wang , Bowen Yang , Chenyi Li , Yuan Zhang , Shihao Zhou , Bin Dong , Zaiwen Wen

The growing adoption of large language models in legal practice brings both significant promise and serious risk. Legal professionals stand to benefit from AI that can reason over contracts, draft documents, and analyze sources at scale,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Olivia Peiyu Wang , Leilani H. Gilpin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative AI paradigm, profoundly influencing daily life through their exceptional language understanding and contextual generation capabilities. Despite their remarkable performance, LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yedi Zhang , Yufan Cai , Xinyue Zuo , Xiaokun Luan , Kailong Wang , Zhe Hou , Yifan Zhang , Zhiyuan Wei , Meng Sun , Jun Sun , Jing Sun , Jin Song Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive mathematical reasoning abilities, but their solutions frequently contain errors that cannot be automatically checked. Formal theorem proving systems such as Lean 4 offer automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sumanth Varambally , Thomas Voice , Yanchao Sun , Zhifeng Chen , Rose Yu , Ke Ye

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various natural language processing tasks, yet their proficiency in mathematical reasoning remains a key challenge. Addressing the gap between natural and mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuhan Huang , Qingning Shen , Yan Hu , Anningzhe Gao , Benyou Wang

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in generating mathematical proofs. However, a persistent challenge is that LLMs occasionally make mistakes, while even a minor mistake can invalidate an entire proof.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-10 David Yin , Jing Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have displayed astonishing abilities in various tasks, especially in text generation, classification, question answering, etc. However, the reasoning ability of LLMs still faces many debates. The inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jiarui Yao , Ruida Wang , Tong Zhang

Formal verification can provably guarantee the correctness of critical system software, but the high proof burden has long hindered its wide adoption. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in code analysis and synthesis.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Jianan Yao , Ziqiao Zhou , Weiteng Chen , Weidong Cui

Autoformalization is the process of automatically translating from natural language mathematics to formal specifications and proofs. A successful autoformalization system could advance the fields of formal verification, program synthesis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yuhuai Wu , Albert Q. Jiang , Wenda Li , Markus N. Rabe , Charles Staats , Mateja Jamnik , Christian Szegedy

Traditional approaches for validating molecular simulations rely on making software open source and transparent, incorporating unit testing, and generally employing human oversight. We propose an approach that eliminates software errors…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-19 Ejike D. Ugwuanyi , Colin T. Jones , John Velkey , Tyler R. Josephson

Interactive theorem provers such as Coq are powerful tools to formally guarantee the correctness of software. However, using these tools requires significant manual effort and expertise. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Minghai Lu , Benjamin Delaware , Tianyi Zhang

Autoformalization, the process of transforming informal mathematical language into formal specifications and proofs remains a difficult task for state-of-the-art (large) language models. Existing works point to competing explanations for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Willy Chan , Michael Souliman , Jakob Nordhagen , Brando Miranda , Elyas Obbad , Kai Fronsdal Sanmi Koyejo

Recent work shows superior performance when using large language models (LLMs) as formalizers instead of as end-to-end solvers for symbolic reasoning problems. Given the problem description, the LLM generates a formal program that derives a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Rikhil Amonkar , Ceyhun Efe Kayan , Qimei Lai , Ronan Le Bras , Li Zhang

Mathematical theorem proving is an important testbed for large language models' deep and abstract reasoning capability. This paper focuses on improving LLMs' ability to write proofs in formal languages that permit automated proof…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kefan Dong , Arvind Mahankali , Tengyu Ma

Autoformalization, the process of translating informal statements into formal logic, has gained renewed interest with the emergence of powerful Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs show promise in generating structured outputs from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mihir Gupte , Ramesh S

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

LLM-generated explanations can make technical content more accessible, but there is a ceiling on what they can support interactively. Because LLM outputs are static text, they cannot be executed or stepped through. We argue that grounding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hita Kambhamettu , Will Crichton , Sean Welleck , Harrison Goldstein , Andrew Head