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We consider a non-commutative polynomial in several independent $N$-dimensional random unitary matrices, uniformly distributed over the unitary, orthogonal or symmetric groups, and assume that the coefficients are $n$-dimensional matrices.…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-11 Charles Bordenave , Benoit Collins

Let $\eta_{1},\eta_2,...$ be independent (not necessarily identically distributed) zero-mean random variables (r.v.'s) such that $|\eta_i|\le1$ almost surely for all $i$, and let $Z$ stand for a standard normal r.v. Let $a_1,a_2,...$ be any…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-17 Iosif Pinelis

The goal of this paper is to study Goldbach's conjecture for rings of regular functions of affine algebraic varieties over a field. Among our main results, we define the notion of Goldbach condition for Newton polytopes, and we prove in a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Alberto F. Boix , Danny A. J. Gómez-Ramírez

We introduce a finite version of free probability for rectangular matrices that amounts to operations on singular values of polynomials. We show that we can replicate the transforms from free probability, and that asymptotically there is…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Aurelien Gribinski

Let $M_n$ be a $n \times n$ Wigner or sample covariance random matrix, and let $\mu_1(M_n), \mu_2(M_n), ..., \mu_n(M_n)$ denote the unordered eigenvalues of $M_n$. We study the fluctuations of the partial linear eigenvalue statistics $$…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-08-06 Sean O'Rourke , Alexander Soshnikov

A bracket polynomial on the integers is a function formed using the operations of addition, multiplication and taking fractional parts. For a fairly large class of bracket polynomials we show that if p is a bracket polynomial of degree k-1…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-29 Matthew Tointon

We obtain almost sure bounds for the weighted sum $\sum_{n \leq t} \frac{f(n)}{\sqrt{n}}$, where $f(n)$ is a Steinhaus random multiplicative function. Specifically, we obtain the bounds predicted by exponentiating the law of the iterated…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Seth Hardy

One of the main applications of free probability is to show that for appropriately chosen independent copies of $d$ random matrix models, any noncommutative polynomial in these $d$ variables has a spectral distribution that converges…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Benoît Collins , Tobias Mai , Akihiro Miyagawa , Félix Parraud , Sheng Yin

For the Gaussian and Laguerre random matrix ensembles, the probability density function (p.d.f.) for the linear statistic $\sum_{j=1}^N (x_j - <x>)$ is computed exactly and shown to satisfy a central limit theorem as $N \to \infty$. For the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 T. H. Baker , P. J. Forrester

Let $R(n) = \sum_{a+b=n} \Lambda(a)\Lambda(b)$, where $\Lambda(\cdot)$ is the von Mangoldt function. The function $R(n)$ is often studied in connection with Goldbach's conjecture. On the Riemann hypothesis (RH) it is known that $\sum_{n\leq…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-29 Michael J. Mossinghoff , Timothy S. Trudgian

Let $f$ be sampled uniformly at random from the set of degree $n$ polynomials whose coefficients lie in $\{ \pm 1\}$. A folklore conjecture, known to hold under GRH, states that the probability that $f$ is irreducible tends to $1$ as $n$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Lior Bary-Soroker , David Hokken , Gady Kozma , Bjorn Poonen

In this article, we study the behavior of consecutive values of random completely multiplicative functions $(X_n)_{n \geq 1}$ whose values are i.i.d. at primes. We prove that for $X_2$ uniform on the unit circle, or uniform on the set of…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-27 Joseph Najnudel

Given a prime $p$ and a positive integer $k$, let $\mathrm{M}_{n}(\mathbb{Z}/p^{k}\mathbb{Z})$ be the ring of $n \times n$ matrices over $\mathbb{Z}/p^{k}\mathbb{Z}$. We consider the number of solutions $X \in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-10 Gilyoung Cheong , Yunqi Liang , Michael Strand

We establish two new direct product theorems for the randomized query complexity of Boolean functions. The first shows that computing $n$ copies of a function $f$, even with a small success probability of $\gamma^n$, requires $\Theta(n)$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shalev Ben-David , Eric Blais

Let $D\in\mathbb{N}$, let $A>D+1$, and let $Q\geqslant3$. Consider the class of multiplicative functions $f:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{C}$ such that $|\sum_{n\leqslant x}f(n)|\le x(\log Q)^{A-D-1}/(\log x)^A$ for all $x\geqslant Q$, and such that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Dimitris Koukoulopoulos

Recent work of Borwein, Choi, and the second author examined a collection of polynomials closely related to the Goldbach conjecture: the polynomial $F_N$ is divisible by the $N$th cyclotomic polynomial if and only if there is no…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-08-12 Greg Martin , Charles L. Samuels

Sums of independent random variables form the basis of many fundamental theorems in probability theory and statistics, and therefore, are well understood. The related problem of characterizing products of independent random variables seems…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Željka Stojanac , Daniel Suess , Martin Kliesch

Let $X_1$, $X_2$, $\ldots$, $X_n$ be a sequence of coherent random variables, i.e., satisfying the equalities $$ X_j=\mathbb{P}(A|\mathcal{G}_j),\qquad j=1,\,2,\,\ldots,\,n,$$ almost surely for some event $A$. The paper contains the proof…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Stanisław Cichomski , Adam Osękowski

In this work, we study the partial sums of independent and identically distributed random variables with the number of terms following a fractional Poisson (FP) distribution. The FP sum contains the Poisson and geometric summations as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-01 Gabriela Oliveira , Wagner Barreto-Souza , Roger W. C. Silva

We prove that the $k$-th positive integer moment of partial sums of Steinhaus random multiplicative functions over the interval $(x, x+H]$ matches the corresponding Gaussian moment, as long as $H\ll x/(\log x)^{2k^2+2+o(1)}$ and $H$ tends…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-20 Mayank Pandey , Victor Y. Wang , Max Wenqiang Xu