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The advent of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models represents a significant leap for embodied intelligence, yet their immense computational demands critically hinder deployment on resource-constrained robotic platforms. Intuitively, low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yuhao Xu , Yantai Yang , Zhenyang Fan , Yufan Liu , Yuming Li , Bing Li , Zhipeng Zhang

Large language models(LLMs) exhibit excellent performance across a variety of tasks, but they come with significant computational and storage costs. Quantizing these models is an effective way to alleviate this issue. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Baisong Li , Xingwang Wang , Haixiao Xu

Existing low-bit Microscaling (MX) formats, such as MXFP4, often suffer from substantial accuracy degradation due to the use of a shared scaling factor with the Power-of-Two format. In this work, we explore strategies that introduce minimal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Weiming Hu , Zihan Zhang , Haoyan Zhang , Chen Zhang , Cong Guo , Yu Feng , Tianchi Hu , Guanglin Li , Guipeng Hu , Junsong Wang , Jingwen Leng

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed numerous AI applications. On-device LLM is becoming increasingly important: running LLMs locally on edge devices can reduce the cloud computing cost and protect users' privacy. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ji Lin , Jiaming Tang , Haotian Tang , Shang Yang , Wei-Ming Chen , Wei-Chen Wang , Guangxuan Xiao , Xingyu Dang , Chuang Gan , Song Han

To address the enormous size of Large Language Models (LLMs), model compression methods, such as quantization and pruning, are often deployed, especially on edge devices. In this work, we focus on layer-wise post-training quantization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jing Liu , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Ye Wang , Hassan Mansour , Matthew Brand

Large language model (LLM) inference has been a prevalent demand in daily life and industries. The large tensor sizes and computing complexities in LLMs have brought challenges to memory, computing, and databus. This paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yimin Wang , Yue Jiet Chong , Xuanyao Fong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. However, the latency of inference and the large GPU memory consumption of LLMs restrict their deployment performance. Recently, there have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yi Zhang , Fei Yang , Shuang Peng , Fangyu Wang , Aimin Pan

Weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) is crucial for efficient Large Language Model (LLM) deployment but suffers from accuracy degradation caused by weight and activation outliers. Existing mitigation strategies often face critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xi Chen , Ming Li , Junxi Li , Changsheng Li , Peisong Wang , Lizhong Ding , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

Model quantization represents both parameters (weights) and intermediate values (activations) in a more compact format, thereby directly reducing both computational and memory cost in hardware. The quantization of recent large language…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Jianyi Cheng , Cheng Zhang , Zhewen Yu , Christos-Savvas Bouganis , George A. Constantinides , Yiren Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models exhibit remarkable action generation for embodied intelligence, but their heavy compute make deployment on edge platforms impractical. Aggressive, sub-4-bit weight quantization is the natural solution,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Arash Akbari , Arman Akbari , Masih Eskandar , Qitao Tan , Yixiao Chen , Jingwu Luo , Bertha Pangaribuan , Liyun Zhang , Jennifer Dy , Geng Yuan , Xue Lin , Gaowen Liu , Stratis Ioannidis , Yanzhi Wang

Scaling language models improves performance but comes with significant computational costs. This paper proposes UL2R, a method that substantially improves existing language models and their scaling curves with a relatively tiny amount of…

Quantization can improve the execution latency and energy efficiency of neural networks on both commodity GPUs and specialized accelerators. The majority of existing literature focuses on training quantized DNNs, while this work examines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Ritchie Zhao , Yuwei Hu , Jordan Dotzel , Christopher De Sa , Zhiru Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in natural language processing, showcasing exceptional performance across various tasks. However, the expensive memory and computational requirements present significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ruihao Gong , Yifu Ding , Zining Wang , Chengtao Lv , Xingyu Zheng , Jinyang Du , Haotong Qin , Jinyang Guo , Michele Magno , Xianglong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have pushed the frontier of artificial intelligence but are comprised of hundreds of billions of parameters and operations. For faster inference latency, LLMs are deployed on multiple hardware accelerators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jan Hansen-Palmus , Michael Truong Le , Oliver Hausdörfer , Alok Verma

In the complex domain of large language models (LLMs), striking a balance between computational efficiency and maintaining model quality is a formidable challenge. Navigating the inherent limitations of uniform quantization, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Xiaoxia Wu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Rotating the activation and weight matrices to reduce the influence of outliers in large language models (LLMs) has recently attracted significant attention, particularly in the context of model quantization. Prior studies have shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jingyang Xiang , Sai Qian Zhang

Large Speech Language Models (LSLMs) typically operate at high token rates (tokens/s) to ensure acoustic fidelity, yet this results in sequence lengths that far exceed the underlying semantic content, incurring prohibitive inference costs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bajian Xiang , Tingwei Guo , Xuan Chen , Yang Han

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) on heterogeneous computing platforms poses significant challenges to achieving high inference efficiency. To address these efficiency bottlenecks across diverse platforms, this paper…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yaozheng Zhang , Wei Wang , Jie Kong , Jiehan Zhou , Xianwei Zhang , Huanqing Cui , Han Bao , Yuhai Liu

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on mobile platforms faces significant challenges due to the limited memory and shared computational resources of the device. Resource availability may be an issue as it is directly impacted by the…

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar
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