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We demonstrate the existence of the first-class constraints on the massless Abelian 3-form theory which generate the classical gauge symmetry transformations for this theory in any arbitrary D-dimension of spacetime. We write down the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-27 B. Chauhan , A. K. Rao , R. P. Malik

For the St$\ddot u$ckelberg-modified massive Abelian 3-form theory in any arbitrary D-dimension of spacetime, we show that its classical gauge symmetry transformations are generated by the first-class constraints. We establish that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-17 A. K. Rao , R. P. Malik

Within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism, we discuss the off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST and the bosonic ghost-scale symmetries of a set of coupled (but equivalent) Lagrangian densities for the four (3 +…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-06 R. P. Malik

We derive the continuous nilpotent symmetries of the four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) model of the Hodge theory (i.e. 4D Abelian 2-form gauge theory) by exploiting the beauty and strength of the symmetry invariant restrictions on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-08 A. Shukla , N. Srinivas , R. P. Malik

We discuss the nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST), anti-BRST and (anti-)co-BRST symmetry transformations and derive their corresponding conserved charges in the case of a two (1+1)-dimensional (2D) self-interacting non-Abelian gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-11-02 S. Kumar , B. K. Kureel , R. P. Malik

We demonstrate that the generators for the local, continuous and infinitesimal classical gauge symmetry transformations in the cases of (i) the St$\ddot u$ckelberg-modified massive Abelian 1-form and 2-form theories, and (ii) the massless…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-23 A. K. Rao , B. Chauhan , R. P. Malik

We obtain the off-shell nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations (corresponding to the infinitesimal classical gauge symmetry transformations) for the modified massive three $(2+1)$-dimensional (3D)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-08 S. K. Panja , E. Harikumar , R. P. Malik

Within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism, we show the existence of (i) a couple of off-shell nilpotent (i.e. fermionic) BRST and co-BRST symmetry transformations, and (ii) a full set of non-nilpotent (i.e. bosonic)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-18 R. P. Malik

In some of the physically interesting gauge systems, we show that the application of the Noether theorem does not lead to the deduction of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST charges that obey precisely the off-shell…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-18 A. K. Rao , A. Tripathi , B. Chauhan , R. P. Malik

We focus on the continuous symmetry transformations for the three ($2 + 1$)-dimensional (3D) system of a combination of the free Abelian 1-form and 2-form gauge theories within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-27 A. K. Rao , R. P. Malik

We derive the complete set of off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST), anti-BRST and (anti-)co-BRST symmetry transformations for all the fields of the modified version of two (1+1)-dimensional (2D)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-12-29 A. Shukla , S. Krishna , R. P. Malik

We demonstrate the discrete duality symmetry between the Abelian 1-form and 2-form basic gauge fields in the context of a three $(2 + 1)$-dimensional ($3D$) combined system of the field-theoretic model of the free Abelian 1-from and 2-form…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-22 R. Kumar , R. P. Malik

Within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism, we show that the four $(3+1)$-dimensional (4D) massive Abelian 2-form gauge theory (without any interaction with matter fields) is a model for the Hodge theory because its…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-24 S. Krishna , R. Kumar , R. P. Malik

We take up the St${\ddot u}$ckelberg-modified version of the two (1+1)-dimensional (2D) Proca theory, in interaction with the Dirac fields, to study its various continuous and discrete symmetry transformations and show that this specific…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-05-25 A. Tripathi , A. K. Rao , R. P. Malik

We show that the BRST/anti-BRST invariant 3+1 dimensional 2-form gauge theory has further nilpotent symmetries (dual BRST /anti-dual BRST) that leave the gauge fixing term invariant. The generator for the dual BRST symmetry is analogous to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 E. Harikumar , R. P. Malik , M. Sivakumar

We discuss the discrete as well as the continuous symmetry transformations for a three $(2+1)$-dimensional $(3D)$ combined system of the free Abelian 1-form and 2-form gauge theories within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-12 R. Kumar , R. P. Malik

We discuss both the off-shell nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for the cosmological Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model with a differential gauge condition in the extended phase space. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-29 B. Chauhan

The nilpotent BRST, anti-BRST, dual-BRST and anti-dual-BRST symmetry transformations are constructed in the context of noncommutative (NC) 1-form as well as 2-form gauge theories. The corresponding Noether's charges for these symmetries on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-08 Sudhaker Upadhyay , Bhabani Prasad Mandal

We exploit the standard techniques of the supervariable approach to derive the nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for a toy model of the Hodge theory (i.e. a rigid rotor) and provide the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-10-20 D. Shukla , T. Bhanja , R. P. Malik

We discuss various symmetry properties of the Lagrangian density of a four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) free Abelian 2-form gauge theory within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism. The present free Abelian gauge theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 R. P. Malik
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