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Related papers: RIRAG: Regulatory Information Retrieval and Answer…

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Financial disclosures such as 10-K filings present challenging retrieval problems due to their length, regulatory section hierarchy, and domain-specific language, which standard retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) models underuse. We…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ying Li , Mengyu Wang , Miguel de Carvalho , Sotirios Sabanis , Tiejun Ma

With Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) becoming more and more prominent in generative AI solutions, there is an emerging need for systematically evaluating their effectiveness. We introduce the LiveRAG benchmark, a publicly available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 David Carmel , Simone Filice , Guy Horowitz , Yoelle Maarek , Alex Shtoff , Oren Somekh , Ran Tavory

Evaluation of long-form, citation-backed reports has lately received significant attention due to the wide-scale adoption of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. Core to many evaluation frameworks is the use of atomic facts, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Bryan Li , William Walden , Yu Hou , Gabrielle Kaili-May Liu , Dawn Lawrie , Jame Mayfield , Eugene Yang , Chris Callison-Burch , Laura Dietz

Large language models (LLMs) have become a disruptive force in the industry, introducing unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing, logical reasoning and so on. However, the challenges of knowledge updates and hallucination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chunjing Gan , Dan Yang , Binbin Hu , Ziqi Liu , Yue Shen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jian Wang , Jun Zhou

The rise of generative AI, has driven significant advancements in high-risk sectors like healthcare and finance. The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, combining language models (LLMs) with search engines, is particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Grégoire Martinon , Alexandra Lorenzo de Brionne , Jérôme Bohard , Antoine Lojou , Damien Hervault , Nicolas J-B. Brunel

Generating questions along with associated answers from a text has applications in several domains, such as creating reading comprehension tests for students, or improving document search by providing auxiliary questions and answers based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Asahi Ushio , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Jose Camacho-Collados

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Industrial standards and normative documents exhibit intricate hierarchical structures, domain-specific lexicons, and extensive cross-referential dependencies, which making it challenging to process them directly by Large Language Models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Aiman Al Masoud , Marco Arazzi , Simone Germani , Antonino Nocera

Software engineers are increasingly adding semantic search capabilities to applications using a strategy known as Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). A RAG system involves finding documents that semantically match a query and then passing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Scott Barnett , Stefanus Kurniawan , Srikanth Thudumu , Zach Brannelly , Mohamed Abdelrazek

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have made significant progress in solving complex multi-hop question answering (QA) tasks in the English scenario. However, RAG systems inevitably face the application scenario of retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yilin Wang , Yuchun Fan , Jiaoyang Li , Ziming Zhu , Yongyu Mu , Qiaozhi He , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Existing QA benchmarks typically assume distinct documents with minimal overlap, yet real-world retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems operate on corpora such as financial reports, legal codes, and patents, where information is highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Hanjun Cho , Jay-Yoon Lee

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the text generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge and up-to-date information. However, traditional RAG systems are limited by static workflows…

Despite the strong language understanding abilities of large language models (LLMs), they still struggle with reliable question answering (QA) over long, structured documents, particularly for numerical reasoning. Financial annual reports…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yi-Cheng Wang , Wei-An Wang , Chu-Song Chen

This paper introduces IGGA, a dataset of 160 industry guidelines and policy statements for the use of Generative AIs (GAIs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) in industry and workplace settings, collected from official company websites, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Kevin Chen , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar

Ensuring compliance with international data protection standards for privacy and data security is a crucial but complex task, often requiring substantial legal expertise. This paper introduces LegiLM, a novel legal language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Linkai Zhu , Lu Yang , Chaofan Li , Shanwen Hu , Lu Liu , Bin Yin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems couple large language models with external knowledge, yet most evaluation methods report aggregate scores that reveal whether a pipeline underperforms but not where or why. We introduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Dvir Cohen , Tamir Houri , Lin Burg , Gilad Barkan

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) necessitates complex reasoning by integrating multiple pieces of information to resolve intricate questions. However, existing QA systems encounter challenges such as outdated information, context window…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Xiaoming Zhang , Ming Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yifei Zhang

Legal Passage Retrieval (LPR) systems are crucial as they help practitioners save time when drafting legal arguments. However, it remains an underexplored avenue. One primary reason is the significant vocabulary mismatch between the query…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Daehee Kim , Deokhyung Kang , Jonghwi Kim , Sangwon Ryu , Gary Geunbae Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but are prone to generating inaccurate or hallucinatory responses. This limitation stems from their reliance on vast pretraining datasets, making them susceptible to errors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chi-Min Chan , Chunpu Xu , Ruibin Yuan , Hongyin Luo , Wei Xue , Yike Guo , Jie Fu

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet factually incorrect content when used for language generation (a phenomenon often known as hallucination). Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) tries to reduce factual errors by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Dobrik Georgiev , Kheeran Naidu , Alberto Cattaneo , Federico Monti , Carlo Luschi , Daniel Justus