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We perform optimal-control-theory calculations to determine the minimum number of two-qubit CNOT gates needed to perform quantum state preparation and unitary operator synthesis for few-qubit systems. By considering all possible gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Sahel Ashhab , Naoki Yamamoto , Fumiki Yoshihara , Kouichi Semba

Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Ashe Miller , Corey Ostrove , Jordan Hines , Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young , Timothy Proctor

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are essential for verifying and benchmarking quantum algorithms, particularly for large circuits, where computational demands increase exponentially with the number of qubits. Among available…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-20 Santana Y. Pradata , M 'Anin N. 'Azhiim , Hendry M. Lim , Ahmad R. T. Nugraha

We propose an estimation method for quantum measurement tomography (QMT) based on semidefinite programming (SDP), and discuss how it may be employed to detect experimental imperfections, such as shot noise and/or faulty preparation of the…

Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled researchers to manipulate small collections of quantum mechanical objects with unprecedented accuracy. In semiconductor quantum dot qubits, this manipulation requires controlling the dot…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 Adam Frees , John King Gamble , Daniel R. Ward , Robin Blume-Kohout , M. A. Eriksson , Mark Friesen , S. N. Coppersmith

In this paper we present a method for minimizing reversible quantum circuits using the Quantum Operator Form (QOF); a new representation of quantum circuit and of quantum-realized reversible circuits based on the CNOT, CV and CV$^\dagger$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Martin Lukac , Michitaka Kameyama , Marek Perkowski , Pawel Kerntopf

A two-qubit controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate, realized by a controlled-phase (C-phase) gate combined with single-qubit gates, has been experimentally implemented recently for quantum-dot spin qubits in isotopically enriched silicon, a promising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-05 Chia-Hsien Huang , C. H. Yang , Chien-Chang Chen , A. S. Dzurak , Hsi-Sheng Goan

In this work, we propose three-dimensional photonic circuit designs that guarantee a considerable reduction in the complexity of circuits for the purpose of performing quantum state tomography of N-dimensional path qudits. The POVM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 Wilder Cardoso , Davi Barros , Leonardo Neves , Sebastião Pádua

A significant problem for current quantum computers is noise. While there are many distinct noise channels, the depolarizing noise model often appropriately describes average noise for large circuits involving many qubits and gates. We…

We use a random search technique to find quantum gate sequences that implement perfect quantum state preparation or unitary operator synthesis with arbitrary targets. This approach is based on the recent discovery that there is a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Sahel Ashhab , Fumiki Yoshihara , Miwako Tsuji , Mitsuhisa Sato , Kouichi Semba

We introduce the task of shadow process simulation, where the goal is to simulate the estimation of the expectation values of arbitrary quantum observables at the output of a target physical process. When the sender and receiver share…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Xuanqiang Zhao , Xin Wang , Giulio Chiribella

Quantum computing has transformative computational power to make classically intractable computing feasible. As the algorithms that achieve practical quantum advantage are beyond manual tuning, quantum circuit optimization has become…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zihan Chen , Henry Chen , Yuwei Jin , Minghao Guo , Enhyeok Jang , Jiakang Li , Caitlin Chan , Won Woo Ro , Eddy Z. Zhang

Optimizing quantum circuits is critical for enhancing computational speed and mitigating errors caused by quantum noise. Effective optimization must be achieved without compromising the correctness of the computations. This survey explores…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Krishnageetha Karuppasamy , Varun Puram , Stevens Johnson , Johnson P Thomas

Quantum computations are expressed in general as quantum circuits, which are specified by ordered lists of quantum gates. The resulting specifications are used during the optimisation and execution of the expressed computations. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt

Hardware efficient transpilation of quantum circuits to a quantum devices native gateset is essential for the execution of quantum algorithms on noisy quantum computers. Typical quantum devices utilize a gateset with a single two-qubit…

Quantum hashing is a useful technique that allows us to construct memory-efficient algorithms and secure quantum protocols. First, we present a circuit that implements the phase form of quantum hashing using $2^{n-1}$ CNOT gates, where n is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Ilnar Zinnatullin , Kamil Khadiev

We investigate the counterparts of random walk in universal quantum computing and their implementation using standard quantum circuits. Quantum walk have been recently well investigated for traversing graphs with certain oracles. We focus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-07 Iyed Ben Slimen , Amor Gueddana , Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan

We consider group-covariant positive operator valued measures (POVMs) on a finite dimensional quantum system. Following Neumark's theorem a POVM can be implemented by an orthogonal measurement on a larger system. Accordingly, our goal is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Thomas Decker , Dominik Janzing , Martin Roetteler

For typical quantum subroutines in the gate-based model of quantum computing, explicit decompositions of circuits in terms of single-qubit and two-qubit entangling gates may exist. However, they often lead to large-depth circuits that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Dhruv Srinivasan , Kushal Chakrabarti , Nikhil Chopra , Avik Dutt

We present improved quantum circuit for modular exponentiation of a constant, which is the most expensive operation in Shor's algorithm for integer factorization. While previous work mostly focuses on minimizing the number of qubits or the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Xia Liu , Huan Yang , Li Yang