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Outlier detection (OD) is widely used in practice; but its effective deployment on new tasks is hindered by lack of labeled outliers, which makes algorithm and hyperparameter selection notoriously hard. Foundation models (FMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xueying Ding , Haomin Wen , Simon Klütterman , Leman Akoglu

Tabular foundation models, specifically Prior-Data Fitted Networks (PFNs), have revolutionized outlier detection (OD) by enabling unsupervised zero-shot adaptation to new datasets without training. However, despite their predictive power,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Simon Klüttermann , Tim Katzke , Phuong Huong Nguyen , Emmanuel Müller

Given an unsupervised outlier detection (OD) task on a new dataset, how can we automatically select a good outlier detection method and its hyperparameter(s) (collectively called a model)? Thus far, model selection for OD has been a "black…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Yue Zhao , Ryan A. Rossi , Leman Akoglu

Unsupervised Outlier Detection (UOD) is a critical task in data mining and machine learning, aiming to identify instances that significantly deviate from the majority. Without any label, deep UOD methods struggle with the misalignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yuang Zhang , Liping Wang , Yihong Huang , Yuanxing Zheng , Fan Zhang , Xuemin Lin

Efficient and effective Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of AI systems. Existing feature space methods, while effective, often incur significant computational overhead due to their reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Litian Liu , Yao Qin

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is crucial when deploying machine learning models in open-world applications. The core challenge in OOD detection is mitigating the model's overconfidence on OOD data. While recent methods using auxiliary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jiankang Chen , Ling Deng , Zhiyong Gan , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

How can we automatically select an out-of-distribution (OOD) detection model for various underlying tasks? This is crucial for maintaining the reliability of open-world applications by identifying data distribution shifts, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yuehan Qin , Yichi Zhang , Yi Nian , Xueying Ding , Yue Zhao

As vision-language models like CLIP are widely applied to zero-shot tasks and gain remarkable performance on in-distribution (ID) data, detecting and rejecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs in the zero-shot setting have become crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Choubo Ding , Guansong Pang

Outlier detection (OD), distinguishing inliers and outliers in completely unlabeled datasets, plays a vital role in science and engineering. Although there have been many insightful OD methods, most of them require troublesome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dazhi Fu , Jicong Fan

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning systems, particularly in dynamic and open-world environments. In the vision and text domains, zero-shot OOD detection - which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haoyan Xu , Zhengtao Yao , Xuzhi Zhang , Ziyi Wang , Langzhou He , Yushun Dong , Philip S. Yu , Mengyuan Li , Yue Zhao

Outlier detection (OD) finds many applications with a rich literature of numerous techniques. Deep neural network based OD (DOD) has seen a recent surge of attention thanks to the many advances in deep learning. In this paper, we consider a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xueying Ding , Yue Zhao , Leman Akoglu

Outlier detection (OD) is a key machine learning (ML) task for identifying abnormal objects from general samples with numerous high-stake applications including fraud detection and intrusion detection. Due to the lack of ground truth…

Given an unsupervised outlier detection (OD) algorithm, how can we optimize its hyperparameter(s) (HP) on a new dataset, without any labels? In this work, we address this challenging hyperparameter optimization for unsupervised OD problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yue Zhao , Leman Akoglu

How can models effectively detect out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in complex, multi-label settings without extensive retraining? Existing OOD detection methods struggle to capture the intricate semantic relationships and label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhendong Liu , Yi Nian , Yuehan Qin , Henry Peng Zou , Li Li , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is essential when deploying machine learning models in open-world scenarios. Zero-shot OOD detection, requiring no training on in-distribution (ID) data, has been possible with the advent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Chentao Cao , Zhun Zhong , Zhanke Zhou , Yang Liu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

We focus on the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in deep learning models, a crucial aspect in ensuring reliability. Despite considerable effort, the problem remains significantly challenging in deep learning models due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yunhao Ge , Jie Ren , Jiaping Zhao , Kaifeng Chen , Andrew Gallagher , Laurent Itti , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Outlier detection in tabular data is crucial for safeguarding data integrity in high-stakes domains such as cybersecurity, financial fraud detection, and healthcare, where anomalies can cause serious operational and economic impacts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yihao Ang , Peicheng Yao , Yifan Bao , Yushuo Feng , Qiang Huang , Anthony K. H. Tung , Zhiyong Huang

Tabular anomaly detection (TAD) aims to identify samples that deviate from the majority in tabular data and is critical in many real-world applications. However, existing methods follow a ``one model for one dataset (OFO)'' paradigm, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shiyuan Li , Yixin Liu , Yu Zheng , Xiaofeng Cao , Shirui Pan , Heng Tao Shen

In an out-of-distribution (OOD) detection problem, samples of known classes(also called in-distribution classes) are used to train a special classifier. In testing, the classifier can (1) classify the test samples of known classes to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Sepideh Esmaeilpour , Bing Liu , Eric Robertson , Lei Shu

Outlier detection (OD) is a key learning task for finding rare and deviant data samples, with many time-critical applications such as fraud detection and intrusion detection. In this work, we propose TOD, the first tensor-based system for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Yue Zhao , George H. Chen , Zhihao Jia
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