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We consider the $k$-prize-collecting Steiner tree problem. An instance is composed of an integer $k$ and a graph $G$ with costs on edges and penalties on vertices. The objective is to find a tree spanning at least $k$ vertices which…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Lehilton Lelis Chaves Pedrosa , Hugo Kooki Kasuya Rosado

We study the two-dimensional hierarchical rectangle packing problem, motivated by applications in analog integrated circuit layout, facility layout, and logistics. Unlike classical strip or bin packing, the dimensions of the container are…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Josef Grus , Zdeněk Hanzálek , Christian Artigues , Cyrille Briand , Emmanuel Hebrard

In the Steiner Tree problem we are given an edge weighted undirected graph $G = (V,E)$ and a set of terminals $R \subseteq V$. The task is to find a connected subgraph of $G$ containing $R$ and minimizing the sum of weights of its edges. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Radek Hušek , Dušan Knop , Tomáš Masařík

When maximum likelihood estimation is infeasible, one often turns to score matching, contrastive divergence, or minimum probability flow to obtain tractable parameter estimates. We provide a unifying perspective of these techniques as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-07 Alessandro Barp , Francois-Xavier Briol , Andrew B. Duncan , Mark Girolami , Lester Mackey

Hierarchical tree structures are common in many real-world systems, from tree roots and branches to neuronal dendrites and biologically inspired artificial neural networks, as well as in technological networks for organizing and searching…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-04 Davide Cipollini , Lambert Schomaker

A spanning tree $T$ of graph $G$ is a $\rho$-approximate universal Steiner tree (UST) for root vertex $r$ if, for any subset of vertices $S$ containing $r$, the cost of the minimal subgraph of $T$ connecting $S$ is within a $\rho$ factor of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Costas Busch , Da Qi Chen , Arnold Filtser , Daniel Hathcock , D Ellis Hershkowitz , Rajmohan Rajaraman

We initiate the study of tree structures in the context of scenario-based robust optimization. Specifically, we study Binary Search Trees (BSTs) and Huffman coding, two fundamental techniques for efficiently managing and encoding data based…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Spyros Angelopoulos , Christoph Dürr , Alex Elenter , Georgii Melidi

Dynamic graphs are rife with higher-order interactions, such as co-authorship relationships and protein-protein interactions in biological networks, that naturally arise between more than two nodes at once. In spite of the ubiquitous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Manohar Kaul , Masaaki Imaizumi

An approximate Steiner tree is a Steiner tree on a given set of terminals in Euclidean space such that the angles at the Steiner points are within a specified error e from 120 degrees.This notion arises in numerical approximations of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Charl Ras , Konrad J. Swanepoel , Doreen Thomas

The expansion of Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) networks creates high costs due to expensive excavation procedures. Optimizing the planning process and minimizing the cost of the earth excavation work therefore lead to large savings.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Tobias Müller , Kyrill Schmid , Daniëlle Schuman , Thomas Gabor , Markus Friedrich , Marc Geitz

The need to understand the structure of hierarchical or high-dimensional data is present in a variety of fields. Hyperbolic spaces have proven to be an important tool for embedding computations and analysis tasks as their non-linear nature…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Martin Skrodzki , Hunter van Geffen , Nicolas F. Chaves-de-Plaza , Thomas Höllt , Elmar Eisemann , Klaus Hildebrandt

Hyperbolic space naturally encodes hierarchical structures such as phylogenies (binary trees), where inward-bending geodesics reflect paths through least common ancestors, and the exponential growth of neighborhoods mirrors the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Alex Chen , Philipe Chlenski , Kenneth Munyuza , Antonio Khalil Moretti , Christian A. Naesseth , Itsik Pe'er

Motivation: Navigating the high dimensional space of discrete trees for phylogenetics presents a challenging problem for tree optimisation. To address this, hyperbolic embeddings of trees offer a promising approach to encoding trees…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-22 Matthew Macaulay , Mathieu Fourment

We give a simple, fast algorithm for hyperparameter optimization inspired by techniques from the analysis of Boolean functions. We focus on the high-dimensional regime where the canonical example is training a neural network with a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Elad Hazan , Adam Klivans , Yang Yuan

The Binary Space Partitioning-Tree~(BSP-Tree) process was recently proposed as an efficient strategy for space partitioning tasks. Because it uses more than one dimension to partition the space, the BSP-Tree Process is more efficient and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Xuhui Fan , Bin Li , Scott A. Sisson

Given a set of points in the Euclidean plane, the Euclidean \textit{$\delta$-minimum spanning tree} ($\delta$-MST) problem is the problem of finding a spanning tree with maximum degree no more than $\delta$ for the set of points such the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-26 Patrick J. Andersen , Charl J. Ras

We consider the bilevel minimum spanning tree (BMST) problem where the leader and the follower choose a spanning tree together, according to different objective functions. By showing that this problem is NP-hard in general, we answer an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Christoph Buchheim , Dorothee Henke , Felix Hommelsheim

The prevalence of tree-like structures, encompassing hierarchical structures and power law distributions, exists extensively in real-world applications, including recommendation systems, ecosystems, financial networks, social networks, etc.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Menglin Yang , Min Zhou , Lujia Pan , Irwin King

Large-scale physical systems defined on irregular grids pose significant scalability challenges for deep learning methods, especially in the presence of long-range interactions and multi-scale coupling. Traditional approaches that compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Maksim Zhdanov , Max Welling , Jan-Willem van de Meent

Spanning tree problems with specialized constraints can be difficult to solve in real-world scenarios, often requiring intricate algorithmic design and exponential time. Recently, there has been growing interest in end-to-end deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yuchen Shi , Congying Han , Tiande Guo