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The prize-collecting Steiner tree problem PCSTP is a well-known generalization of the classical Steiner tree problem in graphs, with a large number of practical applications. It attracted particular interest during the latest (11th) DIMACS…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-26 Daniel Rehfeldt , Thorsten Koch

In the Steiner Tree Augmentation Problem (STAP), we are given a graph $G = (V,E)$, a set of terminals $R \subseteq V$, and a Steiner tree $T$ spanning $R$. The edges $L := E \setminus E(T)$ are called links and have non-negative costs. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-15 R. Ravi , Weizhong Zhang , Michael Zlatin

The Steiner Tree Problem (STP) is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, which has wide applications in network design, integrated circuit layout, bioinformatics, and other fields. However, traditional algorithms often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Dan Li , Xiang-Hui Wu , Ji-Rong Liu

Datalog reasoning based on the semina\"ive evaluation strategy evaluates rules using traditional join plans, which often leads to redundancy and inefficiency in practice, especially when the rules are complex. Hypertree decompositions help…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Xinyue Zhang , Pan Hu , Yavor Nenov , Ian Horrocks

Spanning trees are an important primitive in many data analysis tasks, when a data set needs to be summarized in terms of its "skeleton", or when a tree-shaped graph over all observations is required for downstream processing. Popular…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Enrique Fita Sanmartín , Christoph Schnörr , Fred A. Hamprecht

Many complex networks exhibit hierarchical, tree-like structures, making hyperbolic space a natural candidate wherein to learn representations of them. Based on this observation, Hyperbolic Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) have been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Dionisia Naddeo , Jonas Linkerhägner , Nicola Toschi , Geri Skenderi , Veronica Lachi

We initiate a systematic study of utilizing predictions to improve over approximation guarantees of classic algorithms, without increasing the running time. We propose a systematic method for a wide class of optimization problems that ask…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Antonios Antoniadis , Marek Eliáš , Adam Polak , Moritz Venzin

Kimelfeld and Sagiv [Kimelfeld and Sagiv, PODS 2006], [Kimelfeld and Sagiv, Inf. Syst. 2008] pointed out the problem of enumerating $K$-fragments is of great importance in a keyword search on data graphs. In a graph-theoretic term, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Yasuaki Kobayashi , Kazuhiro Kurita , Kunihiro Wasa

Steiner Tree Problem (STP) in graphs aims to find a tree of minimum weight in the graph that connects a given set of vertices. It is a classic NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem and has many real-world applications (e.g., VLSI chip…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Haizhou Du , Zong Yan , Qiao Xiang , Qinqing Zhan

We consider the Steiner tree problem in quasi-bipartite graphs, where no two Steiner vertices are connected by an edge. For this class of instances, we present an efficient algorithm to exactly solve the so called directed component…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-02-24 Isaac Fung , Konstantinos Georgiou , Jochen Koenemann , Malcolm Sharpe

We describe an algorithm that takes as input n points in the plane and a parameter {\epsilon}, and produces as output an embedded planar graph having the given points as a subset of its vertices in which the graph distances are a (1 +…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Glencora Borradaile , David Eppstein

Multi-step reasoning remains a central challenge for large language models: single-pass generation is efficient but lacks accuracy; tree-search methods explore multiple paths but are computation-heavy. We address this gap by distilling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuyu Liu , Haotian Xu , Yanan He , Sarang Rajendra Patil , Mengjia Xu , Tengfei Ma

The rectilinear Steiner minimum tree (RSMT) problem computes the shortest network connecting a given set of points using only horizontal and vertical lines, possibly adding extra points (Steiner points) to minimize the total length. RSMT…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Puhan Yang , Guchan Li

The \emph{Steiner tree} problem is one of the fundamental and classical problems in combinatorial optimization. In this paper, we study this problem in the $\mathcal{CONGESTED}$ $\mathcal{CLIQUE}$ model of distributed computing and present…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Parikshit Saikia , Sushanta Karmakar

Hyperbolic spaces, which have the capacity to embed tree structures without distortion owing to their exponential volume growth, have recently been applied to machine learning to better capture the hierarchical nature of data. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Ryohei Shimizu , Yusuke Mukuta , Tatsuya Harada

Embedded topic models are able to learn interpretable topics even with large and heavy-tailed vocabularies. However, they generally hold the Euclidean embedding space assumption, leading to a basic limitation in capturing hierarchical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Yishi Xu , Dongsheng Wang , Bo Chen , Ruiying Lu , Zhibin Duan , Mingyuan Zhou

The Euclidean Steiner problem is the problem of finding a set $St$, with the shortest length, such that $St \cup A$ is connected, where $A$ is a given set in a Euclidean space. The solutions $St$ to the Steiner problem will be called…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-20 Danila Cherkashin , Emanuele Paolini , Yana Teplitskaya

In this experimental study we consider Steiner tree approximations that guarantee a constant approximation of ratio smaller than $2$. The considered greedy algorithms and approaches based on linear programming involve the incorporation of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-10 Stephan Beyer , Markus Chimani

Many high-dimensional and large-volume data sets of practical relevance have hierarchical structures induced by trees, graphs or time series. Such data sets are hard to process in Euclidean spaces and one often seeks low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Eli Chien , Chao Pan , Puoya Tabaghi , Olgica Milenkovic

In this paper we study the Steiner tree problem over a dynamic set of terminals. We consider the model where we are given an $n$-vertex graph $G=(V,E,w)$ with positive real edge weights, and our goal is to maintain a tree which is a good…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Jakub Łącki , Jakub Oćwieja , Marcin Pilipczuk , Piotr Sankowski , Anna Zych