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While the large energy consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is recognized by the community, system operators lack guidance for energy-efficient LLM inference deployments that leverage energy trade-offs of heterogeneous hardware due…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Mauricio Fadel Argerich , Jonathan Fürst , Marta Patiño-Martínez

The evaluation of Deep Learning models has traditionally focused on criteria such as accuracy, F1 score, and related measures. The increasing availability of high computational power environments allows the creation of deeper and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Yinlena Xu , Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Matias Martinez , Xavier Franch

The rapid deployment of machine learning across platforms from milliwatt-class TinyML devices to large language models has made energy efficiency a primary constraint for sustainable AI. Across these scales, performance and energy are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Mohammad Saleh Vahdatpour , Yanqing Zhang

Generalization is a key challenge in machine learning, specifically in reasoning tasks, where models are expected to solve problems more complex than those encountered during training. Existing approaches typically train reasoning models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Alexandru Oarga , Yilun Du

As neural networks (NN) are deployed across diverse sectors, their energy demand correspondingly grows. While several prior works have focused on reducing energy consumption during training, the continuous operation of ML-powered systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Minghao Yan , Hongyi Wang , Shivaram Venkataraman

This study presents an empirical investigation into the energy consumption of Discriminative and Generative AI models within real-world MLOps pipelines. For Discriminative models, we examine various architectures and hyperparameters during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Adrián Sánchez-Mompó , Ioannis Mavromatis , Peizheng Li , Konstantinos Katsaros , Aftab Khan

The training and deployment of machine learning (ML) models have become extremely energy-intensive. While existing optimization efforts focus primarily on hardware energy efficiency, a significant but overlooked source of inefficiency is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yi Pan , Wenbo Qian , Dedong Xie , Ruiyan Hu , Yigong Hu , Baris Kasikci

The integration of renewable and distributed energy resources reshapes modern power systems, challenging conventional protection schemes. This scoping review synthesizes recent literature on machine learning (ML) applications in power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Julian Oelhaf , Georg Kordowich , Mehran Pashaei , Christian Bergler , Andreas Maier , Johann Jäger , Siming Bayer

The large increase in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices have revolutionised the way data is processed, which added to the current trend from cloud to edge computing has resulted in the need for efficient and reliable data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Jose-Carlos Gamazo-Real , Raul Torres Fernandez , Adrian Murillo Armas

Collocating deep learning training tasks improves GPU utilization but risks resource contention, severe slowdowns, and out-of-memory (OOM) failures. Accurate memory estimation is essential for robust collocation, and GPU utilization…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ehsan Yousefzadeh-Asl-Miandoab , Reza Karimzadeh , Danyal Yorulmaz , Bulat Ibragimov , Pınar Tözün

The emergence of sixth-generation (6G) technologies has introduced new challenges and opportunities for machine learning (ML) applications in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, particularly concerning energy efficiency. As model training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Anjie Qiu , Donglin Wang , Sanket Partani , Andreas Weinand , Hans D. Schotten

Smart metering of domestic water consumption to continuously monitor the usage of different appliances has been shown to have an impact on people's behavior towards water conservation. However, the installation of multiple sensors to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-10 Pavlos Pavlou , Stelios Vrachimis , Demetrios G. Eliades , Marios M. Polycarpou

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) comprises of a set of techniques that provide insights into the energy consumption of households and industrial facilities. Latest contributions show significant improvements in terms of accuracy and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-23 Christoph Klemenjak , Stephen Makonin , Wilfried Elmenreich

Energy efficiency is a crucial factor in the well-being of our planet. In parallel, Machine Learning (ML) plays an instrumental role in automating our lives and creating convenient workflows for enhancing behavior. So, analyzing energy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Abdullah Alsalemi , Ayman Al-Kababji , Yassine Himeur , Faycal Bensaali , Abbes Amira

Characterizing and predicting the training performance of modern machine learning (ML) workloads on compute systems with compute and communication spread between CPUs, GPUs, and network devices is not only the key to optimization and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Zhongyi Lin , Ning Sun , Pallab Bhattacharya , Xizhou Feng , Louis Feng , John D. Owens

The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has pushed training workloads far beyond the limits of single-node analysis, demanding a deeper understanding of how these models behave across large-scale, multi-GPU systems. In this paper,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Seokjin Go , Joongun Park , Spandan More , Hanjiang Wu , Irene Wang , Aaron Jezghani , Tushar Krishna , Divya Mahajan

Machine learning (ML) is about computational methods that enable machines to learn concepts from experience. In handling a wide variety of experience ranging from data instances, knowledge, constraints, to rewards, adversaries, and lifelong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Zhiting Hu , Eric P. Xing

Machine learning (ML) needs industry-standard performance benchmarks to support design and competitive evaluation of the many emerging software and hardware solutions for ML. But ML training presents three unique benchmarking challenges…

The rise of IoT has increased the need for on-edge machine learning, with TinyML emerging as a promising solution for resource-constrained devices such as MCU. However, evaluating their performance remains challenging due to diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Pietro Bartoli , Christian Veronesi , Andrea Giudici , David Siorpaes , Diana Trojaniello , Franco Zappa

The growing demands of the worldwide IT infrastructure stress the need for reduced power consumption, which is addressed in so-called transprecision computing by improving energy efficiency at the expense of precision. For example, reducing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Andrea Borghesi , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Michele Lombardi , Luca Benini , Michela Milano