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Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing through self-supervised pretraining on massive datasets. Inspired by this success, researchers have explored adapting these methods to speech by discretizing continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Luca Della Libera , Francesco Paissan , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Neural speech codecs have demonstrated their ability to compress high-quality speech and audio by converting them into discrete token representations. Most existing methods utilize Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) to encode speech into…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Peiji Yang , Fengping Wang , Yicheng Zhong , Huawei Wei , Zhisheng Wang

Speech coding facilitates the transmission of speech over low-bandwidth networks with minimal distortion. Neural-network based speech codecs have recently demonstrated significant improvements in quality over traditional approaches. While…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Ali Siahkoohi , Michael Chinen , Tom Denton , W. Bastiaan Kleijn , Jan Skoglund

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing by leveraging audio codecs to discretize audio into tokens, enabling the application of language modeling techniques to speech data. However, existing audio codecs…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Edresson Casanova , Paarth Neekhara , Ryan Langman , Shehzeen Hussain , Subhankar Ghosh , Xuesong Yang , Ante Jukić , Jason Li , Boris Ginsburg

Recent advancements in end-to-end neural speech codecs enable compressing audio at extremely low bitrates while maintaining high-fidelity reconstruction. Meanwhile, low computational complexity and low latency are crucial for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Leyan Yang , Ronghui Hu , Yang Xu , Jing Lu

We introduce LMCodec, a causal neural speech codec that provides high quality audio at very low bitrates. The backbone of the system is a causal convolutional codec that encodes audio into a hierarchy of coarse-to-fine tokens using residual…

The recent advancement of end-to-end neural audio codecs enables compressing audio at very low bitrates while reconstructing the output audio with high fidelity. Nonetheless, such improvements often come at the cost of increased model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Sunghwan Ahn , Beom Jun Woo , Min Hyun Han , Chanyeong Moon , Nam Soo Kim

Neural speech synthesis algorithms are a promising new approach for coding speech at very low bitrate. They have so far demonstrated quality that far exceeds traditional vocoders, at the cost of very high complexity. In this work, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-01 Jean-Marc Valin , Jan Skoglund

Neural audio codecs have recently enabled high-fidelity reconstruction at high compression rates, especially for speech. However, speech and non-speech audio exhibit fundamentally different spectral characteristics: speech energy…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Haoran Wang , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Bohan Li , Kai Yu , Shinji Watanabe

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing through audio codecs that convert audio into discrete tokens, enabling the application of language modeling techniques to audio data. However, audio codecs often…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Edresson Casanova , Ryan Langman , Paarth Neekhara , Shehzeen Hussain , Jason Li , Subhankar Ghosh , Ante Jukić , Sang-gil Lee

Neural speech coding is a rapidly developing topic, where state-of-the-art approaches now exhibit superior compression performance than conventional methods. Despite significant progress, existing methods still have limitations in…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Youqiang Zheng , Weiping Tu , Li Xiao , Xinmeng Xu

We propose TQCodec, a neural audio codec designed for high-bitrate, high-fidelity music streaming. Unlike existing neural codecs that primarily target ultra-low bitrates (<= 16kbps), TQCodec operates at 44.1 kHz and supports bitrates from…

Neural audio coding has been shown to outperform classical audio coding at extremely low bitrates. However, the practical application of neural audio codecs is still limited by their elevated complexity. To address this challenge, we have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Jiawei Jiang , Linping Xu , Dejun Zhang , Qingbo Huang , Xianjun Xia , Yijian Xiao

While recent neural audio codecs deliver superior speech quality at ultralow bitrates over traditional methods, their practical adoption is hindered by obstacles related to low-resource operation and robustness to acoustic distortions. Edge…

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing through audio codecs that convert audio into discrete tokens, enabling the application of language modelling techniques to audio data. However, traditional codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Haohe Liu , Xuenan Xu , Yi Yuan , Mengyue Wu , Wenwu Wang , Mark D. Plumbley

Although discrete speech tokens have exhibited strong potential for language model-based speech generation, their high bitrates and redundant timbre information restrict the development of such models. In this work, we propose LSCodec, a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Chenpeng Du , Hankun Wang , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Neural audio codecs are foundational to speech language models. It is expected to have a low frame rate and decoupled semantic and acoustic information. A lower frame rate codec can reduce the computational cost of speech language models by…

This study compares the performances of different algorithms for coding speech at low bit rates. In addition to widely deployed traditional vocoders, a selection of recently developed generative-model-based coders at different bit rates are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Wissam A. Jassim , Jan Skoglund , Michael Chinen , Andrew Hines

Scalability and efficiency are desired in neural speech codecs, which supports a wide range of bitrates for applications on various devices. We propose a collaborative quantization (CQ) scheme to jointly learn the codebook of LPC…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Kai Zhen , Mi Suk Lee , Jongmo Sung , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

High-quality speech coding at low bitrates is crucial for bandwidth-constrained applications, yet remains challenging due to the severe loss of quality-critical information in highly compressed representations. To overcome this challenge,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Hui-Peng Du , Zhen-Hua Ling , Ji Wu
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