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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across institutions without sharing raw data. However, gradient sharing still risks privacy leakage, such as gradient inversion attacks. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) can secure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaqi Xue , Mayank Kumar , Yuzhang Shang , Shangqian Gao , Rui Ning , Mengxin Zheng , Xiaoqian Jiang , Qian Lou

This paper explores the use of partially homomorphic encryption (PHE) for encrypted vector similarity search, with a focus on facial recognition and broader applications like reverse image search, recommendation engines, and large language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Sefik Serengil , Alper Ozpinar

The deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) in privacy-sensitive environments is constrained by computational overheads in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). This paper explores unstructured sparsity in FHE matrix multiplication schemes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Aidan Ferguson , Perry Gibson , Lara D'Agata , Parker McLeod , Ferhat Yaman , Amitabh Das , Ian Colbert , José Cano

We propose a framework for compile-time ciphertext synthesis in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) systems, where ciphertexts are constructed from precomputed encrypted basis vectors combined with a runtime-scaled encryption of zero. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Dongfang Zhao

With the rapid increase in cloud computing, concerns surrounding data privacy, security, and confidentiality also have been increased significantly. Not only cloud providers are susceptible to internal and external hacks, but also in some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-27 M. Sadegh Riazi , Kim Laine , Blake Pelton , Wei Dai

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without sharing raw data, making it a promising approach for privacy-sensitive domains. Despite its potential, FL faces significant challenges, particularly in terms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Khoa Nguyen , Tanveer Khan , Hossein Abdinasibfar , Antonis Michalas

In order to enhance the real-time performance of convolutional neural networks(CNNs), more and more researchers are focusing on improving the efficiency of CNN. Based on the analysis of some CNN architectures, such as ResNet, DenseNet,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Qiuyu Zhu , Ruixin Zhang

This paper presents an efficient framework for private Transformer inference that combines Homomorphic Encryption (HE) and Secure Multi-party Computation (MPC) to protect data privacy. Existing methods often leverage HE for linear layers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Tianshi Xu , Wen-jie Lu , Jiangrui Yu , Chen Yi , Chenqi Lin , Runsheng Wang , Meng Li

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) allows secure and privacy-protected computation on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it. Since Shor's algorithm rendered prime factorisation and discrete logarithm-based ciphers insecure with quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siddhartha Siddhiprada Bhoi , Arathi Arakala , Amy Beth Corman , Asha Rao

In this technical report, we explore the use of homomorphic encryption (HE) in the context of training and predicting with deep learning (DL) models to deliver strict \textit{Privacy by Design} services, and to enforce a zero-trust model of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-18 Francis Dutil , Alexandre See , Lisa Di Jorio , Florent Chandelier

Although homomorphic encryption can be incorporated into neural network layers for securing machine learning tasks, such as confidential inference over encrypted data samples and encrypted local models in federated learning, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Dongfang Zhao

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables a simple, attractive framework for secure search. Compared to other secure search systems, no costly setup procedure is necessary; it is sufficient for the client merely to upload the encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Seung Geol Choi , Dana Dachman-Soled , S. Dov Gordon , Linsheng Liu , Arkady Yerukhimovich

Modern cryptographic methods for implementing privacy-preserving LLMs such as \gls{HE} require the LLMs to have a polynomial form. Forming such a representation is challenging because transformers include non-polynomial components, such as…

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a relatively recent advancement in the field of privacy-preserving technologies. FHE allows for the arbitrary depth computation of both addition and multiplication, and thus the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 George Onoufriou , Paul Mayfield , Georgios Leontidis

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) refers to a set of encryption schemes that allow computations to be applied directly on encrypted data without requiring a secret key. This enables novel application scenarios where a client can safely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Roshan Dathathri , Olli Saarikivi , Hao Chen , Kim Laine , Kristin Lauter , Saeed Maleki , Madanlal Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a powerful encryption technique that allows for computation to be performed on ciphertext without the need for decryption. FHE will thus enable privacy-preserving computation and a wide range of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Qian Lou , Muhammad Santriaji , Ardhi Wiratama Baskara Yudha , Jiaqi Xue , Yan Solihin

In today's data-driven world, recommendation systems personalize user experiences across industries but rely on sensitive data, raising privacy concerns. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) can secure these systems, but a significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Moontaha Nishat Chowdhury , André Bauer , Minxuan Zhou

Secure signal processing is becoming a de facto model for preserving privacy. We propose a model based on the Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) technique to mitigate security breaches. Our framework provides a method to perform a Fast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Thomas Shortell , Ali Shokoufandeh

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a privacy-preserving technique that enables computation directly on encrypted data. Despite its promise, HE has seen limited use due to performance overheads and compilation challenges. Recent work has made…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Meghan Cowan , Deeksha Dangwal , Armin Alaghi , Caroline Trippel , Vincent T. Lee , Brandon Reagen

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows arbitrarily complex computations on encrypted data without ever needing to decrypt it, thus enabling us to maintain data privacy on third-party systems. Unfortunately, sustaining deep computations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Leo de Castro , Rashmi Agrawal , Rabia Yazicigil , Anantha Chandrakasan , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Chiraag Juvekar , Ajay Joshi