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The current fascination with large language models, or LLMs, derives from the fact that many users lack the expertise to evaluate the quality of the generated text. LLMs may therefore appear more capable than they actually are. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Eliza Mik

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (RLLMs), whether explicitly trained for reasoning or prompted via chain-of-thought (CoT), have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many complex reasoning tasks. However, we uncover a surprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiaomin Li , Zhou Yu , Zhiwei Zhang , Xupeng Chen , Ziji Zhang , Yingying Zhuang , Narayanan Sadagopan , Anurag Beniwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in pervasive computing due to their versatility and strong performance. However, despite their ubiquitous use, the exact mechanisms underlying their outstanding performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alhassan Abdelhalim , Janick Edinger , Sören Laue , Michaela Regneri

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to acquire reasoning capabilities through shared inference patterns in pre-training data, which are further elicited via Chain-of-Thought (CoT) practices. However, whether fundamental reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xingwei Tan , Marco Valentino , Mahmud Elahi Akhter , Yuxiang Zhou , Maria Liakata , Nikolaos Aletras

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as dominant foundational models in modern NLP. However, the understanding of their prediction processes and internal mechanisms, such as feed-forward networks (FFN) and multi-head self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xintong Wang , Xiaoyu Li , Xingshan Li , Chris Biemann

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various NLP tasks. However, previous works have shown these models are sensitive towards prompt wording, and few-shot demonstrations and their order, posing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance in language tasks and beyond. However, due to their limited inherent causal reasoning ability, LLMs still face challenges in handling tasks that require robust causal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Xin Li , Zhuo Cai , Shoujin Wang , Kun Yu , Fang Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in various complex reasoning tasks due to their excellent instruction following capability. However, the model's performance is highly dependent on the open-ended characteristics of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhenzhen Huang , Chaoning Zhang , Fachrina Dewi Puspitasari , Jiaquan Zhang , Yitian Zhou , Shuxu Chen , Yang Yang

Although demonstrating remarkable performance on reasoning tasks, Large Language Models (LLMs) still tend to fabricate unreliable responses when confronted with problems that are unsolvable or beyond their capability, severely undermining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Boyang Xue , Qi Zhu , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Hongru Wang , Minda Hu , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

The standard practice for training large language models involves packing multiple documents together to optimize computational efficiency. However, the impact of this process on the models' capabilities remains largely unexplored. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Gabriele Prato , Shagun Sodhani , Alessandro Sordoni , Sarath Chandar

Large Language Models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. Despite its empirical success, the tasks and model scales at which reasoning becomes effective, as well as its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Nicolas Boizard , Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Kevin El-Haddad , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

Analogical reasoning, particularly in multimodal contexts, is the foundation of human perception and creativity. Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) has recently sparked considerable discussion due to its emergent capabilities. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Diandian Guo , Cong Cao , Fangfang Yuan , Dakui Wang , Wei Ma , Yanbing Liu , Jianhui Fu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on mathematical reasoning tasks, often attributed to their capability to generate explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. However, recent work shows that LRMs often arrive at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yihong Liu , Raoyuan Zhao , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit emerging in-context learning abilities through prompt engineering. The recent progress in large-scale generative models has further expanded their use in real-world language applications. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Linyi Yang , Shuibai Zhang , Zhuohao Yu , Guangsheng Bao , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Ruochen Xu , Wei Ye , Xing Xie , Weizhu Chen , Yue Zhang

The planning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their remarkable capacity for multi-step reasoning and their ability to generalize across a wide range of domains. While some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mohamed Aghzal , Erion Plaku , Gregory J. Stein , Ziyu Yao

The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns about their potential to create and propagate convincing narratives. Here, we study their performance in detecting convincing arguments to gain insights into LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Paula Rescala , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Tiancheng Hu , Robert West

Large language models (LLMs) possess strong semantic understanding, driving significant progress in data mining applications. This is further enhanced by large reasoning models (LRMs), which provide explicit multi-step reasoning traces. On…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Aobo Chen , Chenxu Zhao , Chenglin Miao , Mengdi Huai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been touted as AI models possessing advanced reasoning abilities. In theory, autoregressive LLMs with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) can perform more serial computations to solve complex reasoning tasks. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Rishi Hazra , Gabriele Venturato , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Luc De Raedt

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), evolved from standard Large Language Models (LLMs), are increasingly utilized as automated judges because of their explicit reasoning processes. Yet we show that both LRMs and standard LLMs are vulnerable to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qian Wang , Zhenheng Tang , Zhanzhi Lou , Nuo Chen , Wenxuan Wang , Bingsheng He

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun