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Federated learning (FL) is a burgeoning distributed machine learning framework where a central parameter server (PS) coordinates many local users to train a globally consistent model. Conventional federated learning inevitably relies on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Zhikun Chen , Daofeng Li , Jinkang Zhu , Sihai Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is an effective and widely used approach to training deep learning models on decentralized datasets held by distinct clients. FL also strengthens both security and privacy protections for training data. Common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Sana Ayromlou , Fatemeh Tavakoli , D. B. Emerson

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning protocol that allows a set of participating agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. This makes FL particularly suitable for settings where data privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Rishabh Iyer

The heterogeneity of hardware and data is a well-known and studied problem in the community of Federated Learning (FL) as running under heterogeneous settings. Recently, custom-size client models trained with Knowledge Distillation (KD) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Hongrui Shi , Valentin Radu , Po Yang

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has generated vast amounts of data, leading to the emergence of federated learning as a novel distributed machine learning paradigm. Federated learning enables model training at the edge,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-03 Abdelaziz Salama , Achilleas Stergioulis , Syed Ali Zaidi , Des McLernon

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a potential distributed learning paradigm that enables model training on edge devices (i.e., workers) while preserving data privacy. However, its reliance on a centralized server leads to limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yizhou Shi , Qianpiao Ma , Yan Xu , Junlong Zhou , Ming Hu , Yunming Liao , Hongli Xu

Federated Learning (FL) enables a group of clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing individual data, but its performance drops when client data are heterogeneous. Clustered FL tackles this by grouping similar clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Anik Pramanik , Murat Kantarcioglu , Vincent Oria , Shantanu Sharma

The ever-growing volume and decentralized nature of data, coupled with the need to harness it and extract knowledge, have led to the extensive use of distributed deep learning (DDL) techniques for training. These techniques rely on local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Michail Theologitis , Georgios Frangias , Georgios Anestis , Vasilis Samoladas , Antonios Deligiannakis

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging technique that trains massive and geographically distributed edge data while maintaining privacy. However, FL has inherent challenges in terms of fairness and computational efficiency due to the rising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Yingchun Wang , Jingcai Guo , Jie Zhang , Song Guo , Weizhan Zhang , Qinghua Zheng

Federated learning (FL) has recently emerged as an important and promising learning scheme in IoT, enabling devices to jointly learn a model without sharing their raw data sets. However, as the training data in FL is not collected and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Shuo Wan , Jiaxun Lu , Pingyi Fan , Yunfeng Shao , Chenghui Peng , Khaled B. letaief

With the wealth of information produced by social networks, smartphones, medical or financial applications, speculations have been raised about the sensitivity of such data in terms of users' personal privacy and data security. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Vito Walter Anelli , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Antonio Ferrara

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging technique used to collaboratively train a global machine learning model while keeping the data localized on the user devices. The main obstacle to FL's practical implementation is the Non-Independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Hiep Nguyen , Lam Phan , Harikrishna Warrier , Yogesh Gupta

Federated Learning(FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm where a global model is trained in-situ across a large number of distributed edge devices. These systems are often comprised of millions of user devices and only a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yuanli Wang , Lei Huang

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning approach that enables the creation of shared models for powerful applications while allowing data to remain on devices. This approach provides benefits such as improved data privacy, security,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Jieming Bian , Cong Shen , Jie Xu

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as the predominant approach for collaborative training of neural network models across multiple users, without the need to gather the data at a central location. One of the important challenges in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Matthias Reisser , Christos Louizos , Efstratios Gavves , Max Welling

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a solution for distributed model training across decentralized, privacy-preserving devices, but the different energy capacities of participating devices (system heterogeneity) constrain real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Roberto Pereira , Cristian J. Vaca-Rubio , Luis Blanco

Federated learning involves training statistical models in massive, heterogeneous networks. Naively minimizing an aggregate loss function in such a network may disproportionately advantage or disadvantage some of the devices. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Tian Li , Maziar Sanjabi , Ahmad Beirami , Virginia Smith

Federated learning (FL) is severely challenged by non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) client data, a problem that degrades global model performance, especially in multimodal perception settings. Conventional methods often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jing Liu , Zhengliang Guo , Yan Wang , Xiaoguang Zhu , Yao Du , Zehua Wang , Victor C. M. Leung

Robust machine learning (ML) models can be developed by leveraging large volumes of data and distributing the computational tasks across numerous devices or servers. Federated learning (FL) is a technique in the realm of ML that facilitates…

Federated learning (FL) is a communication-efficient collaborative learning framework that enables model training across multiple agents with private local datasets. While the benefits of FL in improving global model performance are well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Fateme Maleki , Krishnan Raghavan , Farzad Yousefian