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Related papers: Defeasible Reasoning on Concepts

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Defeasible reasoning is the mode of reasoning where conclusions can be overturned by taking into account new evidence. Existing cognitive science literature on defeasible reasoning suggests that a person forms a mental model of the problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Aman Madaan , Niket Tandon , Dheeraj Rajagopal , Peter Clark , Yiming Yang , Eduard Hovy

Concept-based explanations work by mapping complex model computations to human-understandable concepts. Evaluating such explanations is very difficult, as it includes not only the quality of the induced space of possible concepts but also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Antonin Poché , Alon Jacovi , Agustin Martin Picard , Victor Boutin , Fanny Jourdan

Causal reasoning (CR) is a crucial aspect of intelligence, essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and understanding the world. While language models (LMs) can generate rationales for their outputs, their ability to reliably perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Longxuan Yu , Delin Chen , Siheng Xiong , Qingyang Wu , Qingzhen Liu , Dawei Li , Zhikai Chen , Xiaoze Liu , Liangming Pan

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, they often struggle with complex tasks that require specific thinking paradigms, such as divide-and-conquer and procedural deduction, \etc Previous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Jingjing Xu , Hao Zhu , Lecheng Wang , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Jing Mai , Bin Gu , Zhi Jin

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) provide a basis for semantic abstractions within a neural network architecture. Such models have primarily been seen through the lens of interpretability so far, wherein they offer transparency by inferring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Deepika SN Vemuri , Gautham Bellamkonda , Aditya Pola , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress, yet their ability to solve complex problems remains limited. In this work, we introduce Cumulative Reasoning (CR), a structured framework that enhances LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yifan Zhang , Jingqin Yang , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Conceptual reasoning, the ability to reason in abstract and high-level perspectives, is key to generalization in human cognition. However, limited study has been done on large language models' capability to perform conceptual reasoning. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ben Zhou , Hongming Zhang , Sihao Chen , Dian Yu , Hongwei Wang , Baolin Peng , Dan Roth , Dong Yu

Linear Logic and Defeasible Logic have been adopted to formalise different features relevant to agents: consumption of resources, and reasoning with exceptions. We propose a framework to combine sub-structural features, corresponding to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Francesco Olivieri , Guido Governatori , Matteo Cristani , Nick van Beest , Silvano Colombo-Tosatto

Logical frameworks provide natural and direct ways of specifying and reasoning within deductive systems. The logical framework LF and subsequent developments focus on finitary proof systems, making the formalization of circular proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Zhibo Chen , Frank Pfenning

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, rely on singular, pre-dominant reasoning paradigms, hindering their performance on intricate problems that demand diverse cognitive strategies. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zishan Ahmad , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex tasks with advances in reasoning capabilities. However, existing reward mechanisms remain tightly coupled to final correctness and pay little attention to the underlying reasoning process:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jingyao Wang , Peizheng Guo , Wenwen Qiang , Jiahuan Zhou , Huijie Guo , Changwen Zheng , Hui Xiong

Concept-cognitive learning (CCL) is a hot topic in recent years, and it has attracted much attention from the communities of formal concept analysis, granular computing and cognitive computing. However, the relationship among cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Yunlong Mi , Yong Shi , Jinhai Li

With the growing popularity of general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), comes a need for more global explanations of model behaviors. Concept-based explanations arise as a promising avenue for explaining high-level patterns learned by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Meng Li , Haoran Jin , Ruixuan Huang , Zhihao Xu , Defu Lian , Zijia Lin , Di Zhang , Xiting Wang

Defeasible reasoning is a simple but efficient approach to nonmonotonic reasoning that has recently attracted considerable interest and that has found various applications. Defeasible logic and its variants are an important family of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-06-26 Grigoris Antoniou , David Billington , Guido Governatori , Michael J. Maher

Human knowledge is subject to uncertainties, imprecision, incompleteness and inconsistencies. Moreover, the meaning of many everyday terms is dependent on the context. That poses a huge challenge for the Semantic Web. This paper introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Dave Raggett

Representation of defeasible information is of interest in description logics, as it is related to the need of accommodating exceptional instances in knowledge bases. In this direction, in our previous works we presented a datalog…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Loris Bozzato , Thomas Eiter , Luciano Serafini

The pursuit of decision safety in clinical applications highlights the potential of concept-based methods in medical imaging. While these models offer active interpretability, they often suffer from concept leakages, where unintended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yibo Gao , Hangqi Zhou , Zheyao Gao , Bomin Wang , Shangqi Gao , Sihan Wang , Xiahai Zhuang

Concepts play a pivotal role in various human cognitive functions, including learning, reasoning and communication. However, there is very little work on endowing machines with the ability to form and reason with concepts. In particular,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Chen Shani , Jilles Vreeken , Dafna Shahaf

Uncertainty in Logic Programming has been investigated during the last decades, dealing with various extensions of the classical LP paradigm and different applications. Existing proposals rely on different approaches, such as clause…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-22 Mario Rodríguez-Artalejo , Carlos A. Romero-Díaz

Defeasible rules are used in providing computable representations of legal documents and, more recently, have been suggested as a basis for explainable AI. Such applications draw attention to the scalability of implementations. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Michael J. Maher