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We study the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma and the snowdrift game on scale-free networks that are subjected to intentional and random removal of vertices. We show that, irrespective of the game type, cooperation on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-08-27 Matjaz Perc

Cyclic dominance has become a pivotal factor in sustaining cooperation within structured populations. However, this comprehension has predominantly revolved around node dynamics, where players are confined to employing the same strategy…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-13 Danyang Jia , Chen Shen , Xiangfeng Dai , Junliang Xing , Pin Tao , Yuanchun Shi , Zhen Wang

Repeated interactions are ubiquitous and known to promote social behaviour. While research often focuses on cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma, experimental evidence suggests repeated interactions also foster fairness. This study…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-04-07 Prosanta Mandal , Arunava Patra , Sagar Chakraborty

Leaving the joint enterprise when defection is unveiled is always a viable option to avoid being exploited. Although loner strategy helps the population not to be trapped into the tragedy of the commons state, it could offer only a modest…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-10-28 Attila Szolnoki , Xiaojie Chen

Ever since Axelrod's seminal work, tournaments served as the main benchmark for evaluating strategies in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD). In this work, we first introduce a strategy for the IPD which outperforms previous tournament…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Adrian Hutter

In a social dilemma situation, where individual and collective interests are in conflict, it sounds a reasonable assumption that the presence of super or smart players, who simultaneously punish defection and reward cooperation without…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-06-03 Hsuan-Wei Lee , Colin Cleveland , Attila Szolnoki

Language models are increasingly deployed in interactive online environments, from personal chat assistants to domain-specific agents, raising questions about their cooperative and competitive behavior in multi-party settings. While prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Mukul Singh , Arjun Radhakrishna , Sumit Gulwani

Repeated games have a long tradition in the behavioral sciences and evolutionary biology. Recently, strategies were discovered that permit an unprecedented level of control over repeated interactions by enabling a player to unilaterally…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-25 Alex McAvoy , Christoph Hauert

Introducing strategy complexity into the basic conflict of cooperation and defection is a natural response to avoid the tragedy of the common state. As an intermediate approach, quasi-cooperators were recently suggested to address the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-24 Hsuan-Wei Lee , Colin Cleveland , Attila Szolnoki

We study the combined influence of selection and random fluctuations on the evolutionary dynamics of two-strategy ("cooperation" and "defection") games in populations comprising cooperation facilitators. The latter are individuals that…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-11-13 Mauro Mobilia

Cooperation is the backbone of modern human societies, making it a priority to understand how successful cooperation-sustaining mechanisms operate. Cyclic dominance, a non-transitive setup comprising at least three strategies wherein the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-05 Hao Guo , Zhao Song , Sunčana Geček , Xuelong Li , Marko Jusup , Matjaz Perc , Yamir Moreno , Stefano Boccaletti , Zhen Wang

Evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games are studied with players located on square lattice and random regular graphs defining four neighbors for each one. The players follow one of the three strategies: tit-for-tat, unconditional cooperation,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc , Gyorgy Szabo

The emergence of cooperation among self-interested agents has been a key concern of the multi-agent systems community for decades. With the increased importance of network-mediated interaction, researchers have shifted the attention on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-02-09 Jacques Bara , Paolo Turrini , Giulia Andrighetto

Game theory deals with strategic interactions among players and evolutionary game dynamics tracks the fate of the players' populations under selection. In this paper, we consider the replicator equation for two-player-two-strategy games…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-02-22 Sourabh Mittal , Archan Mukhopadhyay , Sagar Chakraborty

A non-zero-sum 3-person coalition game is presented, to study the evolution of complexity and diversity in cooperation, where the population dynamics of players with strategies is given according to their scores in the iterated game and…

adap-org · Physics 2015-06-30 Eizo Akiyama , Kunihiko Kaneko

Cooperation is a major factor in the evolution of human societies. The structure of human social networks, which affects the dynamics of cooperation and other interpersonal phenomena, have common structural signatures. One of these…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Babak Fotouhi , Naghmeh Momeni , Benjamin Allen , Martin A. Nowak

In self-organized mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), network functions rely on cooperation of self-interested nodes, where a challenge is to enforce their mutual cooperation. In this paper, we study cooperative packet forwarding in a one-hop…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-04 Changbing Tang , Ang Li , Xiang Li

The world in which we are living is a huge network of networks and should be described by interdependent networks. The interdependence between networks significantly affects the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation on them. Meanwhile, due…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-19 Baokui Wang , Zhenhua Pei , Long Wang

Strategies incorporating direct reciprocity, e.g., Tit-for-Tat and Pavlov, have been shown to be successful for playing the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma (IPD), a paradigmatic problem for studying the evolution of cooperation among non-kin…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-09-29 V. Sasidevan , Sitabhra Sinha

The most common assumption in evolutionary game theory is that players should adopt a strategy that warrants the highest payoff. However, recent studies indicate that the spatial selection for cooperation is enhanced if an appropriate…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-05-18 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc