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We present a review of the problem of finding out whether a quantum state of two or more parties is entangled or separable. After a formal definition of entangled states, we present a few criteria for identifying entangled states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Sreetama Das , Titas Chanda , Maciej Lewenstein , Anna Sanpera , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

Self-testing is a powerful certification of quantum systems relying on measured, classical statistics. This paper considers self-testing in bipartite Bell scenarios with small number of inputs and outputs, but with quantum states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-27 Jurij Volčič

The concept of entanglement and separability of quantum states is relevant for several fields in physics. Still, there is a lack of effective operational methods to characterise these features. We propose a method to certify quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 Ties-A. Ohst , Xiao-Dong Yu , Otfried Gühne , H. Chau Nguyen

The goal of self-testing is to characterize an a priori unknown quantum system based solely on measurement statistics, i.e. using an uncharacterized measurement device. Here we develop self-testing methods for quantum prepare-and-measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-10 Armin Tavakoli , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Tamás Vértesi , Denis Rosset , Nicolas Brunner

Bell nonlocality as a resource for device independent certification schemes has been studied extensively in recent years. The strongest form of device independent certification is referred to as self-testing, which given a device certifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Shubhayan Sarkar , Debashis Saha , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Remigiusz Augusiak

Quantum error-correction codes would protect an arbitrary state of a multi-qubit register against decoherence-induced errors, but their implementation is an outstanding challenge for the development of large-scale quantum computers. A first…

Self-testing was originally introduced as a device-independent method of certification of entangled quantum states and local measurements performed on them. Recently, in [F. Baccari \textit{et al.}, arXiv:2003.02285] the notion of state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-02 Owidiusz Makuta , Remigiusz Augusiak

Bounds analogous to entropic uncertainty relations allow one to design practical tests to detect quantum entanglement by a collective measurement performed on several copies of the state analyzed. This approach, initially worked out for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-04 Łukasz Rudnicki , Zbigniew Puchała , Paweł Horodecki , Karol Życzkowski

We generate and study the entanglement properties of novel states composed of three polarisation-encoded photonic qubits. By varying a single experimental parameter we can coherently move from a fully separable state to a maximally robust W…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 B. P. Lanyon , N. K. Langford

We present a method to certify the entanglement of all bipartite entangled quantum states in a device-independent way. This is achieved by placing the state in a quantum network and constructing a correlation inequality based on an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-04 Joseph Bowles , Ivan Šupić , Daniel Cavalcanti , Antonio Acín

This paper presents a new measure of entanglement which can be employed for multipartite entangled systems. The classification of multipartite entangled systems based on this measure is considered. Two approaches to applying this measure to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Seyed Arash Sheikholeslam , Thomas Aaron Gulliver

A conceptually simple and experimentally prevalent class of entanglement witnesses, known as fidelity witnesses, detect entanglement via a state's fidelity with a pure reference state. While existence proofs guarantee that a suitable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Gabriele Riccardi , Daniel E. Jones , Xiao-Dong Yu , Otfried Gühne , Brian T. Kirby

We propose an efficient protocol to estimate the fidelity of an $n$-qubit entangled measurement device, requiring only qubit state preparations and classical data post-processing. It works by measuring the eigenstates of Pauli operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-22 Zanqiu Shen , Kun Wang

Certifying entanglement for unknown quantum states experimentally is a fundamental problem in quantum computing and quantum physics. Because of being easy to implement, a most popular approach for this problem in modern quantum experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 Ruiqi Zhang , Zhaohui Wei

The determination of the state fidelity and the detection of entanglement are fundamental problems in quantum information experiments. We investigate how these goals can be achieved with a minimal effort. We show that the fidelity of GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-27 Otfried Gühne , Chao-Yang Lu , Wei-Bo Gao , Jian-Wei Pan

Measuring entanglement is a demanding task in the field of quantum computation and quantum information theory. Recently, some authors experimentally demonstrated an embedding quantum simulator, using it to efficiently measure two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-01 Saeed Haddadi , Mohammad Bohloul

Despite an apparent progress in implementing individual solid-state qubits, there have been no experimental reports so far on multi-bit gates required for building a real quantum computer. Here we report a new circuit comprising two coupled…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-04-20 Yu. A. Pashkin , T. Yamamoto , O. Astafiev , Y. Nakamura , D. V. Averin , J. S. Tsai

We produce and holographically measure entangled qudits encoded in transverse spatial modes of single photons. With the novel use of a quantum state tomography method that only requires two-state superpositions, we achieve the most complete…

We present a concise introduction to quantum entanglement. Concentrating on bipartite systems we review the separability criteria and measures of entanglement. We focus our attention on geometry of the sets of separable and maximally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Karol Zyczkowski , Ingemar Bengtsson

Vast developments in quantum technology have enabled the preparation of quantum states with more than a dozen entangled qubits. The full characterization of such systems demands distinct constructions depending on their specific type and…