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Fluctuations of harmonic flow along pseudorapidity, known as flow decorrelations, are an important probe of the initial state geometry of the quark-gluon plasma. The flow decorrelations are shown to be sensitive to the collective structure…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-07-20 Maowu Nie , Chunjian Zhang , Zhenyu Chen , Li Yi , Jiangyong Jia

Fluctuations of harmonic flow along pseudorapidity, known as flow decorrelations, are an important probe of the initial state geometry of the quark-gluon plasma. The flow decorrelations are shown to be sensitive to the collective structure…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-01-17 Maowu Nie , Chunjian Zhang , Zhenyu Chen , Li Yi , Jiangyong Jia

A central question in strong-interaction physics, governed by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), is whether femto-scale droplets of quark$-$gluon plasma (QGP) form in small collision systems involving projectiles significantly smaller than heavy…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-09-09 ALICE Collaboration

Nuclei having $4n$ number of nucleons are theorized to possess clusters of $\alpha$ particles ($^4$He nucleus). The Oxygen nucleus ($^{16}$O) is a doubly magic nucleus, where the presence of an $\alpha$-clustered nuclear structure grants…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-12-02 Suraj Prasad , Neelkamal Mallick , Raghunath Sahoo , Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi

In this work, we perform a model-to-data comparison for U+U and Au+Au collisions performed at RHIC at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = $193$ GeV and $200$ GeV, using a multistage framework. Model calculations for various configurations of $^{238}$U…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-06-17 Nicolas Fortier , Sangyong Jeon , Charles Gale

$^{96}_{44}$Ru+$^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr+$^{96}_{40}$Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=200$ GeV provide unique opportunities to study the geometry and fluctuations raised from the deformation of the colliding nuclei. Using…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-03-15 Shujun Zhao , Hao-jie Xu , Yu-Xin Liu , Huichao Song

In this Letter, the ALICE Collaboration presents the first measurements of the charged-particle multiplicity density, $\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta$, and total charged-particle multiplicity, $N_{\rm{ch}}^{\rm{tot}}$, in Xe-Xe collisions at…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-01-28 ALICE Collaboration

The pseudorapidity dependence of elliptic ($v_2$), triangular ($v_3$), and quadrangular ($v_4$) flow coefficients of charged particles measured in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-04-15 ALICE Collaboration

ATLAS measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV are shown using a dataset of approximately 7 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ collected at the LHC in 2010. The measurements are performed for charged particles…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2014-12-23 ATLAS Collaboration

The presence of $\alpha$ clustered structures in light nuclei can enhance the initial spatial anisotropies in relativistic nuclear collisions relative to those arising from nuclei with uniform density distributions. Thus, observables that…

In heavy ion collisions, elliptic flow $v_2$ and radial flow, characterized by event-wise average transverse momentum $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, are related to the shape and size of the overlap region, which are sensitive to the shape of colliding…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Jiangyong Jia , Shengli Huang , Chunjian Zhang

Measurements of (anti)deuteron and (anti)$^3$He production in the rapidity range $ |y| < $ 0.5 as a function of the transverse momentum and event multiplicity in Xe$-$Xe collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon$-$nucleon pair of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-12-05 ALICE Collaboration

We present measurements of the elliptic ($\mathrm{v}_2$), triangular ($\mathrm{v}_3$) and quadrangular ($\mathrm{v}_4$) anisotropic azimuthal flow over a wide range of pseudorapidities ($-3.5< \eta < 5$). The measurements are performed with…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-11-08 ALICE Collaboration

Measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients with two- and multi-particle cumulants for inclusive charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\textit s}_\text{NN}} = 5.02$ and 2.76 TeV are reported in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-01-18 ALICE Collaboration

Most atomic nuclei exhibit ellipsoidal shapes characterized by quadrupole deformation $\beta_2$ and triaxiality $\gamma$, and sometimes even a pear-like octupole deformation $\beta_3$. The STAR experiment introduced a new…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-10-24 STAR Collaboration

Relativistic heavy ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the shape of colliding nuclei, even up to higher-order multiple deformations. In this work, several observables that are sensitive to quadrupole and hexadecapole…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-08-29 Zaining Wang , Jinhui Chen , Hao-jie Xu , Jie Zhao

Measurements of anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions provide evidence for the creation of strongly interacting matter which appears to behave as an almost ideal fluid. Anisotropic flow signals the presence of multiple interactions and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-05-28 Ante Bilandzic

Many observables which are used as a signature of the collective effects in heavy-ion collisions when measured in high multiplicity pp and pA interactions reveal a very similar behaviour. We will present first measurements of different…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-02-07 Katarína Gajdošová

We report on the first measurement of the triangular $v_3$, quadrangular $v_4$, and pentagonal $v_5$ charged particle flow in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV measured with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. We show that the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2017-09-29 ALICE Collaboration

Correlation measurements imply that anisotropic flow in nuclear collisions includes a novel triangular component along with the more familiar elliptic-flow contribution. Triangular flow has been attributed to event-wise fluctuations in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Sean Gavin , George Moschelli