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We present a realistic numerical model of sunspot and active region formation based on the emergence of flux bundles generated in a solar convective dynamo. To this end we use the magnetic and velocity fields in a horizontal layer near the…
Helioseismic observations have detected small temporal variations of the rotation rate below the solar surface corresponding to the so-called `torsional oscillations' known from Doppler measurements of the surface. These appear as bands of…
Intermittent magnetohydrodynamical turbulence is most likely at work in the magnetized solar atmosphere. As a result, an array of scaling and multi-scaling image-processing techniques can be used to measure the expected self-organization of…
Small bipolar magnetic features are observed to appear in the interior of individual granules in the quiet Sun, signaling the emergence of tiny magnetic loops from the solar interior. We study the origin of those features as part of the…
In this dataset we provide a comprehensive collection of magnetograms (images quantifying the strength of the magnetic field) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The dataset…
The physics of solar flares occurring on the Sun is highly complex and far from fully understood. However, observations show that solar eruptions are associated with the intense kilogauss fields of active regions, where free energies are…
The solar interior is filled with turbulent thermal convection, which plays a key role in the energy and momentum transport and the generation of the magnetic field. The turbulent flows in the solar interior cannot be optically detected due…
The motions of the plasma and structures in and below the solar photosphere is not well understood. The results obtained using various methods cannot be in general considered as consistent, especially in details. In this contribution we…
One of the puzzling features of solar magnetism is formation of long-living compact magnetic structures; such as sunspots and pores, in the highly turbulent upper layer of the solar convective zone. We use realistic radiative 3D MHD…
Swirl-shaped flow structures have been observed throughout the solar atmosphere, in both emission and absorption, at different altitudes and locations, and are believed to be associated with magnetic structures. However, the distribution…
We use subsurface-flow velocity maps inferred by time--distance helioseismology from Doppler measurements with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to investigate variations of large-scale…
A process of diffusion of small-scale magnetic elements inside four active regions (ARs) was analyzed. Line-of-sight magnetograms acquired by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) during a…
We study the properties of solar magnetic fields on scales less than the spatial resolution of solar telescopes. A synthetic infrared spectropolarimetric diagnostics based on a 2D MHD simulation of magnetoconvection is used for this. We…
We use observations of line-of-sight magnetograms from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to investigate polarity separation, magnetic flux, flux emergence rate, twist and tilt of solar…
Solar activity is usually caused by the evolution of solar magnetic fields. Magnetic field parameters derived from photospheric vector magnetograms of solar active regions have been used to analyze and forecast eruptive events such as solar…
The convectively driven, weakly magnetized regions of the solar photosphere dominate the Sun's surface at any given time, but the temporal variations of these quiet regions of the photosphere throughout the solar cycle are still not well…
Regions of quiet Sun generally exhibit a complex distribution of small-scale magnetic field structures, which interact with the near-surface turbulent convective motions. Furthermore, it is probable that some of these magnetic fields are…
We studied 101 flux emergence events ranging from small ephemeral regions to large emerging flux regions which were observed with Hinode Solar Optical Telescope filtergram. We investigated how the total magnetic flux of the emergence event…
Neutrinos generated during solar flares remain elusive. However, after $50$ years of discussion and search, the potential knowledge unleashed by their discovery keeps the search crucial. Neutrinos associated with solar flares provide…
Solar flares with a broadband emission in the white-light range of the electromagnetic spectrum belong to most enigmatic phenomena on the Sun. The origin of the white-light emission is not entirely understood. We aim to systematically study…