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The enormous increase in the usage of communication networks has made protection against node and link failures essential in the deployment of reliable networks. To prevent loss of data due to node failures, a network protection strategy is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-06-30 Salah A. Aly , Ahmed E. Kamal

Mixture models are flexible tools in density estimation and classification problems. Bayesian estimation of such models typically relies on sampling from the posterior distribution using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Label switching arises…

Applications · Statistics 2014-03-11 Wanchuang Zhu , Yanan Fan

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought forth a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks through visual inputs. This paper investigates the novel challenge of defending MLLMs against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Jianshu Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Rui Pan , Qing Lian , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

The purpose of this paper is to do a general survey on the existing communication modes inside a smart grid, the existing security loopholes and their countermeasures. Then we suggest a detailed countermeasure, building upon the Jigsaw…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Tuhin Borgohain , Amardeep Borgohain , Rajdeep Borgohain , Sugata Sanyal

Large Language Model (LLM) is changing the software development paradigm and has gained huge attention from both academia and industry. Researchers and developers collaboratively explore how to leverage the powerful problem-solving ability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Qiang Hu , Xiaofei Xie , Sen Chen , Lei Ma

The widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) across linguistic communities necessitates reliable multilingual safety alignment. However, recent efforts to extend alignment to other languages often require substantial resources,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yuyan Bu , Xiaohao Liu , ZhaoXing Ren , Yaodong Yang , Juntao Dai

In our digital world, access to personal and public data has become an item of concern, with challenging security and privacy aspects. Modern information systems are heterogeneous in nature and have an inherent security vulnerability, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-18 MN Ramahlosi , Y Madani , A Akanbi

Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the fastest emerging networking paradigms enabling a large number of applications for the benefit of mankind. Advancements in embedded system technology and compressed IPv6 have enabled the support of IP…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Abhishek Verma , Virender Ranga

Wireless sensor networks are often deployed in public or otherwise untrusted and even hostile environments, which prompts a number of security issues. Although security is a necessity in other types of networks, it is much more so in sensor…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Christophe Guyeux , Abdallah Makhoul , Jacques M. Bahi

Federated Learning (FL) stands out as a widely adopted protocol facilitating the training of Machine Learning (ML) models while maintaining decentralized data. However, challenges arise when dealing with a heterogeneous set of participating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Joana Tirana , Spyros Lalis , Dimitris Chatzopoulos

This survey systematizes the evolution of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), from conventional methods such as signature-based and neural network (NN)-based approaches to recent integrations with large language models (LLMs). It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yaokai Feng , Kouichi Sakurai

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) based on cryptographic protocols has emerged as a promising paradigm to protect user data privacy in cloud-based machine learning services. While it achieves formal privacy protection, PPML often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Wenxuan Zeng , Tianshi Xu , Yi Chen , Yifan Zhou , Mingzhe Zhang , Jin Tan , Cheng Hong , Meng Li

Spurred by the recent rapid increase in the development and distribution of large language models (LLMs) across industry and academia, much recent work has drawn attention to safety- and security-related threats and vulnerabilities of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Maximilian Mozes , Xuanli He , Bennett Kleinberg , Lewis D. Griffin

Ensuring the security of large language models (LLMs) is an ongoing challenge despite their widespread popularity. Developers work to enhance LLMs security, but vulnerabilities persist, even in advanced versions like GPT-4. Attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Aysan Esmradi , Daniel Wankit Yip , Chun Fai Chan

Reduction of end-to-end network delays is an optimization task with applications in multiple domains. Low delays enable improved information flow in social networks, quick spread of ideas in collaboration networks, low travel times for…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Sourav Medya , Petko Bogdanov , Ambuj Singh

A well-known challenge associated with the multi-label classification problem is modelling dependencies between labels. Most attempts at modelling label dependencies focus on co-occurrences, ignoring the valuable information that can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Muberra Ozmen , Hao Zhang , Pengyun Wang , Mark Coates

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown greatly enhanced performance in recent years, attributed to increased size and extensive training data. This advancement has led to widespread interest and adoption across industries and the public.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Victoria Smith , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Carolyn Ashurst , Adrian Weller

In this study, we conduct a comprehensive review of smart grid security, exploring system architectures, attack methodologies, defense strategies, and future research opportunities. We provide an in-depth analysis of various attack vectors,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Arastoo Zibaeirad , Farnoosh Koleini , Shengping Bi , Tao Hou , Tao Wang

Machine learning (ML) models benefit from large datasets. Collecting data in biomedical domains is costly and challenging, hence, combining datasets has become a common practice. However, datasets obtained under different conditions could…

Multi-Modal Language Models (MLLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by combining visual and text data, making applications like image captioning, visual question answering, and multi-modal content creation possible. This ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pete Janowczyk , Linda Laurier , Ave Giulietta , Arlo Octavia , Meade Cleti
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