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Related papers: Content Moderation by LLM: From Accuracy to Legiti…

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Social media platforms struggle to protect users from harmful content through content moderation. These platforms have recently leveraged machine learning models to cope with the vast amount of user-generated content daily. Since moderation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Donghyun Son , Byounggyu Lew , Kwanghee Choi , Yongsu Baek , Seungwoo Choi , Beomjun Shin , Sungjoo Ha , Buru Chang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has opened new possibilities for AI for good applications. As LLMs increasingly mediate online communication, their potential to foster empathy and constructive dialogue becomes an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Dawei Li , Abdullah Alnaibari , Arslan Bisharat , Manny Sandoval , Deborah Hall , Yasin Silva , Huan Liu

The increasing scale and complexity of online platforms raises critical policy questions around harmful content, digital well-being, and user autonomy. Traditional content moderation systems rely on centralised, top-down rules, often…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ewelina Gajewska , Michal Wawer , Katarzyna Budzynska , Jaroslaw A. Chudziak

Online content moderation is essential for maintaining a healthy digital environment, and reliance on AI for this task continues to grow. Consider a user comment using national stereotypes to insult a politician. This example illustrates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Houde Dong , Yifei She , Kai Ye , Liangcai Su , Chenxiong Qian , Jie Hao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to autonomously evaluate the quality of content in communication systems, e.g., to assess responses in telecom customer support chatbots. However, the impartiality of these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaxin Gao , Chen Chen , Yanwen Jia , Xueluan Gong , Kwok-Yan Lam , Qian Wang

LLM safety and ethical alignment are widely discussed, but the impact of content moderation on user satisfaction remains underexplored. In particular, little is known about how users respond when models refuse to answer a prompt-one of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Stefan Pasch

Content moderation remains a critical yet challenging task for large-scale user-generated video platforms, especially in livestreaming environments where moderation must be timely, multimodal, and robust to evolving forms of unwanted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Wei Chee Yew , Hailun Xu , Sanjay Saha , Xiaotian Fan , Hiok Hian Ong , David Yuchen Wang , Kanchan Sarkar , Zhenheng Yang , Danhui Guan

Search engines increasingly leverage large language models (LLMs) to generate direct answers, and AI chatbots now access the Internet for fresh data. As information curators for billions of users, LLMs must assess the accuracy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kai-Cheng Yang , Filippo Menczer

New Large Language Models (LLMs) become available every few weeks, and modern application developers confronted with the unenviable task of having to decide if they should switch to a new model. While human evaluation remains the gold…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Suryaansh Jain , Umair Z. Ahmed , Shubham Sahai , Ben Leong

Determining which legal cases are relevant to a given query involves navigating lengthy texts and applying nuanced legal reasoning. Traditionally, this task has demanded significant time and domain expertise to identify key Legal Facts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Shengjie Ma , Qi Chu , Jiaxin Mao , Xuhui Jiang , Haozhe Duan , Chong Chen

As the volume of video content online grows exponentially, the demand for moderation of unsafe videos has surpassed human capabilities, posing both operational and mental health challenges. While recent studies demonstrated the merits of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Adi Levi , Or Levi , Sardhendu Mishra , Jonathan Morra

Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenqing Zhang , Trang Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart , Yiqun T. Chen

This study presents a framework for automated evaluation of dynamically evolving topic models using Large Language Models (LLMs). Topic modeling is essential for organizing and retrieving scholarly content in digital library systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zhiyin Tan , Jennifer D'Souza

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools for content moderation, but their inference costs and latency make them prohibitive for casual use on large datasets, such as the Google Ads repository. This study proposes a method for…

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly show reasoning rationales alongside their answers, turning "reasoning" into a user-interface element. While step-by-step rationales are typically associated with model performance, how they…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xin Sun , Shu Wei , Jos A Bosch , Isao Echizen , Saku Sugawara , Abdallah El Ali

The fairness and trustworthiness of Large Language Models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. Implicit hate speech, which employs indirect language to convey hateful intentions, occupies a significant portion of practice. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Min Zhang , Jianfeng He , Taoran Ji , Chang-Tien Lu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for emotional support. They are also being developed for formal therapy purposes. However, LLMs like ChaptGPT or Llama are often developed with content moderation guardrails that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiwon Kim , Claire Wang , Taeung Yoon , Sabelle Huang , Koustuv Saha

Extensive efforts in automated approaches for content moderation have been focused on developing models to identify toxic, offensive, and hateful content with the aim of lightening the load for moderators. Yet, it remains uncertain whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Yang Trista Cao , Lovely-Frances Domingo , Sarah Ann Gilbert , Michelle Mazurek , Katie Shilton , Hal Daumé

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into human-in-the-loop content moderation systems, a central challenge is deciding when their outputs can be trusted versus when escalation for human review is preferable. We propose a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Or Bachar , Or Levi , Sardhendu Mishra , Adi Levi , Manpreet Singh Minhas , Justin Miller , Omer Ben-Porat , Eilon Sheetrit , Jonathan Morra

Education that suits the individual learning level is necessary to improve students' understanding. The first step in achieving this purpose by using large language models (LLMs) is to adjust the textual difficulty of the response to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Seiji Gobara , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe