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Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a widely used technique for data classification. The method offers adequate performance in many classification problems, but it becomes inefficient when the data covariance matrix is ill-conditioned.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-08 Maaz Mahadi , Tarig Ballal , Muhammad Moinuddin , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Ubaid M. Al-Saggaf

In this paper, we propose a new variant of Linear Discriminant Analysis to overcome underlying drawbacks of traditional LDA and other LDA variants targeting problems involving imbalanced classes. Traditional LDA sets assumptions related to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Lei Xu , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Quadratic and Linear Discriminant Analysis (QDA/LDA) are the most often applied classification rules under normality. In QDA, a separate covariance matrix is estimated for each group. If there are more variables than observations in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-26 Stéphanie Aerts , Ines Wilms

In this paper, we propose a novel linear discriminant analysis criterion via the Bhattacharyya error bound estimation based on a novel L1-norm (L1BLDA) and L2-norm (L2BLDA). Both L1BLDA and L2BLDA maximize the between-class scatters which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Chun-Na Li , Yuan-Hai Shao , Zhen Wang , Nai-Yang Deng

Functional linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) is a powerful tool that extends LDA-mediated multiclass classification and dimension reduction to univariate time-series functions. However, in the age of large multivariate and incomplete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rahul Bordoloi , Clémence Réda , Orell Trautmann , Saptarshi Bej , Olaf Wolkenhauer

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is an important classification tool in statistics and machine learning. This paper investigates the varying coefficient LDA model for dynamic data, with Bayes' discriminant direction being a function of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-11 Yajie Bao , Yuyang Liu

We revisit Deep Linear Discriminant Analysis (Deep LDA) from a likelihood-based perspective. While classical LDA is a simple Gaussian model with linear decision boundaries, attaching an LDA head to a neural encoder raises the question of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Maxat Tezekbayev , Arman Bolatov , Zhenisbek Assylbekov

Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (LDA and QDA) are well-known classical methods but can heavily suffer from non-Gaussian distributions and/or contaminated datasets, mainly because of the underlying Gaussian assumption that is not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-06 Pierre Houdouin , Matthieu Jonckheere , Frederic Pascal

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a well-known method for dimensionality reduction and classification. Previous studies have also extended the binary-class case into multi-classes. However, many applications, such as object detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-24 Gang Chen

We present a randomized Kaczmarz method for linear discriminant analysis (rkLDA), an iterative randomized approach to binary-class Gaussian model linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for very large data. We harness a least squares formulation…

Computation · Statistics 2025-01-09 Jocelyn T. Chi , Deanna Needell

Classification is an important tool with many useful applications. Among the many classification methods, Fisher's Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a traditional model-based approach which makes use of the covariance information.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-09-21 Qiyi Lu , Xingye Qiao

Researchers in the behavioral and social sciences use linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for predictions of group membership (classification) and for identifying the variables most relevant to group separation among a set of continuous…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-28 Ricarda Graf , Marina Zeldovich , Sarah Friedrich

Quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) is a widely used classification technique. Based on a training dataset, each class in the data is characterized by an estimate of its center and shape, which can then be used to assign unseen…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-13 Iwein Vranckx , Jakob Raymaekers , Bart De Ketelaere , Peter J. Rousseeuw , Mia Hubert

Linear and Quadratic Discriminant analysis (LDA/QDA) are common tools for classification problems. For these methods we assume observations are normally distributed within group. We estimate a mean and covariance matrix for each group and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-12-08 Noah Simon , Rob Tibshirani

The performance of machine learning and pattern recognition algorithms generally depends on data representation. That is why, much of the current effort in performing machine learning algorithms goes into the design of preprocessing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Fadi Dornaika , Ahmad Khoder , Abdelmalik Moujahid , Wassim Khoder

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is commonly used for dimensionality reduction in pattern recognition and statistics. It is a supervised method that aims to find the most discriminant space of reduced dimension that can be further used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Navya Nagananda , Breton Minnehan , Andreas Savakis

The development of computing has made credit scoring approaches possible, with various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques becoming more and more valuable. While complex models yield more accurate predictions, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Md Shihab Reza , Monirul Islam Mahmud , Ifti Azad Abeer , Nova Ahmed

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a well-known method for multiclass classification and dimensionality reduction. However, in general, ordinary LDA does not achieve high prediction accuracy when observations in some classes are…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-07 Kei Hirose , Kanta Miura , Atori Koie

A brain computer interface (BCI) is a system which provides direct communication between the mind of a person and the outside world by using only brain activity (EEG). The event-related potential (ERP)-based BCI problem consists of a binary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Victoria Peterson , Hugo Leonardo Rufiner , Ruben Daniel Spies

As a non-linear extension of the classic Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA), Deep Linear Discriminant Analysis(DLDA) replaces the original Categorical Cross Entropy(CCE) loss function with eigenvalue-based loss function to make a deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Wen Lu