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Clustering algorithms are widely utilized for many modern data science applications. This motivates the need to make outputs of clustering algorithms fair. Traditionally, new fair algorithmic variants to clustering algorithms are developed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Anshuman Chhabra , Adish Singla , Prasant Mohapatra

Clustering is a fundamental problem in machine learning and operations research. Therefore, given the fact that fairness considerations have become of paramount importance in algorithm design, fairness in clustering has received significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 John Dickerson , Seyed A. Esmaeili , Jamie Morgenstern , Claire Jie Zhang

This paper introduces the equiwide clustering problem, where valid partitions must satisfy intra-cluster dissimilarity constraints. Unlike most existing clustering algorithms, equiwide clustering relies neither on density nor on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Jennie Andersen , Brice Chardin , Mohamed Tribak

Clustering is a widely used and powerful machine learning technique, but its effectiveness is often limited by the need to specify the number of clusters, k, or by relying on thresholds that implicitly determine k. We introduce k*-means, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Louis Mahon , Mirella Lapata

We study supervised learning problems using clustering constraints to impose structure on either features or samples, seeking to help both prediction and interpretation. The problem of clustering features arises naturally in text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Vincent Roulet , Fajwel Fogel , Alexandre d'Aspremont , Francis Bach

In many practical scenarios, a population is divided into disjoint groups for better administration, e.g., electorates into political districts, employees into departments, students into school districts, and so on. However, grouping people…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Ana-Andreea Stoica , Abhijnan Chakraborty , Palash Dey , Krishna P. Gummadi

We study discrete k-clustering problems in general metric spaces that are constrained by a combination of two different fairness conditions within the demographic fairness model. Given a metric space (P,d), where every point in P is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Nicole Funk , Annika Hennes , Johanna Hillebrand , Sarah Sturm

Correlation clustering is a ubiquitous paradigm in unsupervised machine learning where addressing unfairness is a major challenge. Motivated by this, we study Fair Correlation Clustering where the data points may belong to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Sara Ahmadian , Maryam Negahbani

Many real-world applications pose challenges in incorporating fairness constraints into the $k$-center clustering problem, where the dataset consists of $m$ demographic groups, each with a specified upper bound on the number of centers to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Longkun Guo , Zeyu Lin , Chaoqi Jia , Chao Chen

Clustering is a long-standing research problem and a fundamental tool in AI and data analysis. The traditional k-center problem, a fundamental theoretical challenge in clustering, has a best possible approximation ratio of 2, and any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Chaoqi Jia , Longkun Guo , Kewen Liao , Zhigang Lu , Chao Chen , Jason Xue

Clustering, a fundamental activity in unsupervised learning, is notoriously difficult when the feature space is high-dimensional. Fortunately, in many realistic scenarios, only a handful of features are relevant in distinguishing clusters.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-23 Zhiyue Zhang , Kenneth Lange , Jason Xu

We propose a new variant of the k-median problem, where the objective function models not only the cost of assigning data points to cluster representatives, but also a penalty term for disagreement among the representatives. We motivate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Bruno Ordozgoiti , Aristides Gionis

We study the canonical fair clustering problem where each cluster is constrained to have close to population-level representation of each group. Despite significant attention, the salient issue of having incomplete knowledge about the group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Sharmila Duppala , Juan Luque , John P. Dickerson , Seyed A. Esmaeili

Metric clustering is fundamental in areas ranging from Combinatorial Optimization and Data Mining, to Machine Learning and Operations Research. However, in a variety of situations we may have additional requirements or knowledge, distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Brian Brubach , Darshan Chakrabarti , John P. Dickerson , Aravind Srinivasan , Leonidas Tsepenekas

We study the problem of fairness in k-centers clustering on data with disjoint demographic groups. Specifically, this work proposes a variant of fairness which restricts each group's number of centers with both a lower bound…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Huy Lê Nguyen , Thy Nguyen , Matthew Jones

Due to the growing concern about unsavory behaviors of machine learning models toward certain demographic groups, the notion of 'fairness' has recently drawn much attention from the community, thereby motivating the study of fairness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Minh Phu Vuong , Young-Ju Lee , Iván Ojeda-Ruiz , Chul-Ho Lee

A fair clustering instance is given a data set $A$ in which every point is assigned some color. Colors correspond to various protected attributes such as sex, ethnicity, or age. A fair clustering is an instance where membership of points in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Matteo Böhm , Adriano Fazzone , Stefano Leonardi , Chris Schwiegelshohn

$k$-means clustering is a well-studied problem due to its wide applicability. Unfortunately, there exist strong theoretical limits on the performance of any algorithm for the $k$-means problem on worst-case inputs. To overcome this barrier,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Jon C. Ergun , Zhili Feng , Sandeep Silwal , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Algorithmic fairness in clustering aims to balance the proportions of instances assigned to each cluster with respect to a given sensitive attribute. While recently developed fair clustering algorithms optimize clustering objectives under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kunwoong Kim , Jihu Lee , Sangchul Park , Yongdai Kim

We study the fair variant of the classic $k$-median problem introduced by Chierichetti et al. [2017]. In the standard $k$-median problem, given an input pointset $P$, the goal is to find $k$ centers $C$ and assign each input point to one of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Arturs Backurs , Piotr Indyk , Krzysztof Onak , Baruch Schieber , Ali Vakilian , Tal Wagner