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Human behaviors are regularized by a variety of norms or regulations, either to maintain orders or to enhance social welfare. If artificially intelligent (AI) agents make decisions on behalf of human beings, we would hope they can also…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Fan-Yun Sun , Yen-Yu Chang , Yueh-Hua Wu , Shou-De Lin

We study a problem where a group of agents has to decide how a joint reward should be shared among them. We focus on settings where the share that each agent receives depends on the subjective opinions of its peers concerning that agent's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-23 Arthur Carvalho , Kate Larson

Social dilemmas present a significant challenge in multi-agent cooperation because individuals are incentivised to behave in ways that undermine socially optimal outcomes. Consequently, self-interested agents often avoid collective…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Richard Willis , Yali Du , Joel Z Leibo , Michael Luck

Agents are systems that optimize an objective function in an environment. Together, the goal and the environment induce secondary objectives, incentives. Modeling the agent-environment interaction using causal influence diagrams, we can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Tom Everitt , Pedro A. Ortega , Elizabeth Barnes , Shane Legg

I model the belief formation and decision making processes of economic agents during a monetary policy regime change (an acceleration in the money supply) with a deep reinforcement learning algorithm in the AI literature. I show that when…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-10-25 Rui , Shi

Algorithmic collusion has emerged as a central question in AI: Will the interaction between different AI agents deployed in markets lead to collusion? More generally, understanding how emergent behavior, be it a cartel or market dominance…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziyi Wang , Carmine Ventre , Maria Polukarov

In this paper, we consider a general distributed system with multiple agents who select and then implement actions in the system. The system has an operator with a centralized objective. The agents, on the other hand, are selfinterested and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Donya Ghavidel , Pratyush Chakraborty , Enrique Baeyens , Vijay Gupta , Pramod P. Khargonekar

The main challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning is the difficulty of learning useful policies in the presence of other simultaneously learning agents whose changing behaviors jointly affect the environment's transition and reward…

In the midst of the growing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of our lives, agents are experiencing a resurgence. These autonomous programs that act on behalf of humans are neither new nor exclusive to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chirag Shah , Ryen W. White

One obstacle to applying reinforcement learning algorithms to real-world problems is the lack of suitable reward functions. Designing such reward functions is difficult in part because the user only has an implicit understanding of the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Jan Leike , David Krueger , Tom Everitt , Miljan Martic , Vishal Maini , Shane Legg

We study a problem where a group of agents has to decide how some fixed value should be shared among them. We are interested in settings where the share that each agent receives is based on how that agent is evaluated by other members of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-06-04 Arthur Carvalho , Kate Larson

The rise of artificial intelligence (A.I.) based systems is already offering substantial benefits to the society as a whole. However, these systems may also enclose potential conflicts and unintended consequences. Notably, people will tend…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Pedro Fernandes , Francisco C. Santos , Manuel Lopes

Developing agents that can quickly adapt their behavior to new tasks remains a challenge. Meta-learning has been applied to this problem, but previous methods require either specifying a reward function which can be tedious or providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Mark Woodward , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman

Most AI systems today are designed to manage tasks and execute predefined steps. This makes them effective for process coordination but limited in their ability to engage in joint problem-solving with humans or contribute new ideas. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kexin Quan , Dina Albassam , Mengke Wu , Zijian Ding , Jessie Chin

Reinforcement learning is commonly concerned with problems of maximizing accumulated rewards in Markov decision processes. Oftentimes, a certain goal state or a subset of the state space attain maximal reward. In such a case, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Pavel Osinenko , Grigory Yaremenko , Georgiy Malaniya , Anton Bolychev , Alexander Gepperth

For groups of autonomous agents to achieve a particular goal, they must engage in coordination and long-horizon reasoning. However, designing reward functions to elicit such behavior is challenging. In this paper, we study how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Chirayu Nimonkar , Shlok Shah , Catherine Ji , Benjamin Eysenbach

This study investigates the use of generative AI and multi-agent systems to provide automatic feedback in educational contexts, particularly for student constructed responses in science assessments. The research addresses a key gap in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Shuchen Guo , Ehsan Latif , Yifan Zhou , Xuan Huang , Xiaoming Zhai

Modern AI systems increasingly operate inside markets and institutions where data, behavior, and incentives are endogenous. This paper develops an economic foundation for multi-agent learning by studying a principal-agent interaction in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-08 Nassim Helou

It is clear that one of the primary tools we can use to mitigate the potential risk from a misbehaving AI system is the ability to turn the system off. As the capabilities of AI systems improve, it is important to ensure that such systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Anca Dragan , Pieter Abbeel , Stuart Russell

We consider a finite-horizon discrete-time dynamic system jointly controlled by a designer and one or more agents, where the designer can influence the agents' actions through selective information disclosure. At each time step, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Renyan Sun , Ashutosh Nayyar