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We study the problem of post-processing a supervised machine-learned regressor to maximize fair binary classification at all decision thresholds. By decreasing the statistical distance between each group's score distributions, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kweku Kwegyir-Aggrey , A. Feder Cooper , Jessica Dai , John Dickerson , Keegan Hines , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

Real-world applications of machine learning tools in high-stakes domains are often regulated to be fair, in the sense that the predicted target should satisfy some quantitative notion of parity with respect to a protected attribute.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Han Zhao , Geoffrey J. Gordon

Fair classification and fair representation learning are two important problems in supervised and unsupervised fair machine learning, respectively. Fair classification asks for a classifier that maximizes accuracy on a given data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Sushant Agarwal , Amit Deshpande

We revisit the foundations of fairness and its interplay with utility and efficiency in settings where the training data contain richer labels, such as individual types, rankings, or risk estimates, rather than just binary outcomes. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Noga Amit , Omer Reingold , Guy N. Rothblum

Fairness holds a pivotal role in the realm of machine learning, particularly when it comes to addressing groups categorised by protected attributes, e.g., gender, race. Prevailing algorithms in fair learning predominantly hinge on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Quan Zhou , Jakub Marecek

Algorithmic fairness involves expressing notions such as equity, or reasonable treatment, as quantifiable measures that a machine learning algorithm can optimise. Most work in the literature to date has focused on classification problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Daniel Steinberg , Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan

Fair machine learning works have been focusing on the development of equitable algorithms that address discrimination of certain groups. Yet, many of these fairness-aware approaches aim to obtain a unique solution to the problem, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Ana Valdivia , Javier Sánchez-Monedero , Jorge Casillas

In real-world classification settings, such as loan application evaluation or content moderation on online platforms, individuals respond to classifier predictions by strategically updating their features to increase their likelihood of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Vijay Keswani , L. Elisa Celis

We propose a novel algorithm for learning fair representations that can simultaneously mitigate two notions of disparity among different demographic subgroups in the classification setting. Two key components underpinning the design of our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Han Zhao , Amanda Coston , Tameem Adel , Geoffrey J. Gordon

In classification models fairness can be ensured by solving a constrained optimization problem. We focus on fairness constraints like Disparate Impact, Demographic Parity, and Equalized Odds, which are non-decomposable and non-convex.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Padala Manisha , Sujit Gujar

Ensuring fairness has emerged as one of the primary concerns in AI and its related algorithms. Over time, the field of machine learning fairness has evolved to address these issues. This paper provides an extensive overview of this field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Quan Zhou

Algorithmic decisions about individuals require predictions that are not only accurate but also fair with respect to sensitive attributes such as gender and race. Causal notions of fairness align with legal requirements, yet many methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Yoichi Chikahara

Designing fair algorithmic decision systems requires balancing model performance with fairness toward affected individuals: More fairness might require sacrificing some performance and vice versa, yet the space of possible trade-offs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mieke Wilms , Christoph Heitz

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made significant progress, but often suffer from fairness issues, as deep models typically show distinct accuracy differences among certain subgroups (e.g., males and females). Existing research addresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Tianlin Li , Qing Guo , Aishan Liu , Mengnan Du , Zhiming Li , Yang Liu

In recent years, automated data-driven decision-making systems have enjoyed a tremendous success in a variety of fields (e.g., to make product recommendations, or to guide the production of entertainment). More recently, these algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Sina Aghaei , Mohammad Javad Azizi , Phebe Vayanos

Demographic skews in human preference data propagate systematic unfairness through reward models into aligned LLMs. We introduce Fairness Aware Reward Optimization (Faro), an in-processing framework that trains reward models under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ching Lam Choi , Vighnesh Subramaniam , Phillip Isola , Antonio Torralba , Stefanie Jegelka

We propose a theoretical framework for the problem of learning a real-valued function which meets fairness requirements. This framework is built upon the notion of $\alpha$-relative (fairness) improvement of the regression function which we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Evgenii Chzhen , Nicolas Schreuder

Fairness-aware statistical learning is essential for mitigating discrimination against protected attributes such as gender, race, and ethnicity in data-driven decision-making. This is particularly critical in high-stakes applications like…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-15 Fei Huang , Junhao Shen , Yanrong Yang , Ran Zhao

Algorithmic decision making systems are ubiquitous across a wide variety of online as well as offline services. These systems rely on complex learning methods and vast amounts of data to optimize the service functionality, satisfaction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-27 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Isabel Valera , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez , Krishna P. Gummadi

Developing learning methods which do not discriminate subgroups in the population is a central goal of algorithmic fairness. One way to reach this goal is by modifying the data representation in order to meet certain fairness constraints.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-03 Luca Oneto , Michele Donini , Andreas Maurer , Massimiliano Pontil