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Related papers: Language Models as Efficient Reward Function Searc…

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We propose ERFSL, an efficient reward function searcher using large language models (LLMs) for custom-environment, multi-objective learning-based methods (LB). ERFSL generates reward components based on explicit user requirements, rectifies…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Guanwen Xie , Jingzehua Xu , Yiyuan Yang , Yimian Ding , Shuai Zhang

Recent strides in large language models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable performance, leveraging reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) to significantly enhance generation and alignment capabilities. However, RLHF encounters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kuo Liao , Shuang Li , Meng Zhao , Liqun Liu , Mengge Xue , Zhenyu Hu , Honglin Han , Chengguo Yin

Designing efficient reward functions for low-level control tasks is a challenging problem. Recent research aims to reduce reliance on expert experience by using Large Language Models (LLMs) with task information to generate dense reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ning Gao , Xiuhui Zhang , Xingyu Jiang , Mukang You , Mohan Zhang , Yue Deng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Reinforcement learning (RL) can align language models with non-differentiable reward signals, such as human preferences. However, a major challenge arises from the sparsity of these reward signals - typically, there is only a single reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Meng Cao , Lei Shu , Lei Yu , Yun Zhu , Nevan Wichers , Yinxiao Liu , Lei Meng

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han

Reward engineering has long been a challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL) research, as it often requires extensive human effort and iterative processes of trial-and-error to design effective reward functions. In this paper, we propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yufei Wang , Zhanyi Sun , Jesse Zhang , Zhou Xian , Erdem Biyik , David Held , Zackory Erickson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial strides in structured tasks through Reinforcement Learning (RL), demonstrating proficiency in mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, applying RL in broader domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hao Sun , Yunyi Shen , Jean-Francois Ton , Mihaela van der Schaar

Test-time scaling (TTS) for large language models (LLMs) has thus far fallen into two largely separate paradigms: (1) reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize sparse outcome-based rewards, yet suffer from instability and low sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Can Jin , Yang Zhou , Qixin Zhang , Hongwu Peng , Di Zhang , Zihan Dong , Marco Pavone , Ligong Han , Zhang-Wei Hong , Tong Che , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Although Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved notable success in numerous robotic applications, designing a high-performing reward function remains a challenging task that often requires substantial manual input. Recently, Large…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jiayang Song , Zhehua Zhou , Jiawei Liu , Chunrong Fang , Zhan Shu , Lei Ma

Speech large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress in end-to-end speech understanding and recognition, yet they continue to struggle with accurately recognizing rare words and domain-specific terminology. This paper…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Bo Ren , Ruchao Fan , Yelong Shen , Weizhu Chen , Jinyu Li

Learning reward functions for physical skills are challenging due to the vast spectrum of skills, the high-dimensionality of state and action space, and nuanced sensory feedback. The complexity of these tasks makes acquiring expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yuwei Zeng , Yiqing Xu

Code-generating Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential tools in modern software development, enhancing productivity and accelerating development. This paper aims to investigate the fine-tuning of code-generating LLMs using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Marina Sakharova , Abhinav Anand , Mira Mezini

The challenge of designing effective reward functions in reinforcement learning (RL) represents a significant bottleneck, often requiring extensive human expertise and being time-consuming. Previous work and recent advancements in large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Franklin Cardenoso , Wouter Caarls

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as promising tools for automated reinforcement learning (RL) reward design, owing to their robust capabilities in commonsense reasoning and code generation. By engaging in dialogues with RL agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Zen Kit Heng , Zimeng Zhao , Tianhao Wu , Yuanfei Wang , Mingdong Wu , Yangang Wang , Hao Dong

Existing large language models (LLMs) driven search agents typically rely on prompt engineering to decouple the user queries into search plans, limiting their effectiveness in complex scenarios requiring reasoning. Furthermore, they suffer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jinzheng Li , Sibo Ju , Yanzhou Su , Hongguang Li , Yiqing Shen

Recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities not only in reasoning but also in invoking external tools, particularly search engines. However, teaching models to discern when to invoke search and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zeyang Sha , Shiwen Cui , Weiqiang Wang

Large language models show strong potential for automated code generation, but lack guarantees for correctness, quality, safety, and domain-specific constraints. For instance in robotics, where code generation is increasingly being used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Erfan Aghadavoodi Jolfaei , Daniel Maninger , Abhinav Anand , Mert Tiftikci , Mira Mezini

Mathematical reasoning is a key benchmark for large language models. Reinforcement learning is a standard post-training mechanism for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models, yet performance remains sensitive to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Arash Ahmadi , Sarah Sharif , Yaser , Banad

Reinforcement Learning (RL) plays a crucial role in advancing autonomous driving technologies by maximizing reward functions to achieve the optimal policy. However, crafting these reward functions has been a complex, manual process in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Xu Han , Qiannan Yang , Xianda Chen , Xiaowen Chu , Meixin Zhu
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