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Cellular Radio Access Networks (RANs) are rapidly evolving towards 6G, driven by the need to reduce costs and introduce new revenue streams for operators and enterprises. In this context, AI emerges as a key enabler in solving complex RAN…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ganesh Ananthanarayanan , Matthew Balkwill , Xenofon Foukas , Zhihua Lai , Bozidar Radunovic , Connor Settle , Yongguang Zhang

The vision of AI-RAN convergence, as advocated by the AI-RAN Alliance, aims to unlock a unified 6G platform capable of seamlessly supporting AI and RAN workloads over shared infrastructure. However, the architectural framework and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Syed Danial Ali Shah , Maryam Hafeez , Abdelaziz Salama , Syed Ali Raza Zaidi

Ambient internet of things (A-IoT) paradigm is under study in 3GPP with the intention to provide a sustainable solution for the IoT market without any need to replace the batteries and operate in harsh environments where it is difficult to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Dongjoo Kim , Philippe Godin , Bo Bjerrum , Pallab Gupta , M. Majid Butt

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are evolving towards new features and order-of-magnitude enhancement of systematic performance metrics compared to the current 5G. In particular, the 6G networks are expected to achieve extreme connectivity…

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture is revolutionizing cellular networks with its open, multi-vendor design and AI-driven management, aiming to enhance flexibility and reduce costs. Although it has many advantages, O-RAN is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Eran Aizikovich , Dudu Mimran , Edita Grolman , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

The Open RAN API and interface standards facilitate the new ecosystems where distinct hardware and software components are brought together to build 5G systems. Key to this concept is the seamless and efficient integration and monetization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Tim Farnham , Sajida Gufran , Peizheng Li , Adnan Aijaz

The open radio access network (RAN) aims to bring openness and intelligence to the traditional closed and proprietary RAN technology and offer flexibility, performance improvement, and cost-efficiency in the RAN deployment and operation.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Wilfrid Azariah , Fransiscus Asisi Bimo , Chih-Wei Lin , Ray-Guang Cheng , Navid Nikaein , Rittwik Jana

The Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless generations have been evolving simultaneously for the past few decades. Built upon wireless communication and sensing technologies, IoT networks are usually evaluated based on metrics that measure…

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) constitute a promising technology that could fulfill the extreme performance and capacity needs of the upcoming 6G wireless networks, by offering software-defined control over wireless propagation…

Despite the growing interest in low-altitude economy (LAE) applications, including UAV-based logistics and emergency response, fundamental challenges remain in orchestrating such missions over complex, signal-constrained environments. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Aly Sabri Abdalla , Vuk Marojevic

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is an emerging paradigm, whereby virtualized network infrastructure elements from different vendors communicate via open, standardized interfaces. A key element therein is the RAN Intelligent Controller…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Jorge Martín-Pérez , Nuria Molner , Francesco Malandrino , Carlos Jesús Bernardos , Antonio de la Oliva , David Gomez-Barquero

Improving sustainability, enhancing spectral and energy efficiency, and bringing in-network intelligence and reasoning are the driving forces for 6G. In this context, semantic communications (SemCom) and open radio access networks (Open…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Peizheng Li , Adnan Aijaz

As wireless communication systems become more advanced, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) stand out as a notable framework that promotes interoperability and cost-effectiveness. An examination of the progression of RAN architectures, as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Mira Chandra Kirana , Patatchona Keyela , Fatemeh Rostamian , Deemah H. Tashman , Soumaya Cherkaoui

This paper proposes an optimized Reconfigurable Internet of Things (RIoT) framework that integrates optical and radio wireless technologies with a focus on energy efficiency, scalability, and adaptability. To address the inherent complexity…

Despite the programmable architecture of Open RAN, today's deployments still rely heavily on static control and manual operations. To move beyond this limitation, we introduce AgentRAN, an AI-native, Open RAN-aligned agentic framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Maxime Elkael , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Yunseong Lee , Koichiro Furueda , Tommaso Melodia

The disaggregated and multi-vendor nature of OPEN-RAN networks introduces new supply chain security risks, making equipment authenticity and integrity crucial challenges. Robust solutions are needed to mitigate vulnerabilities in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ali Mehrban , Mostafa Jani

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN), an industry-driven initiative, utilizes intelligent Radio Access Network (RAN) controllers and open interfaces to facilitate efficient spectrum sharing between LTE and NR RANs. In this paper, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Sneihil Gopal , David Griffith , Richard A. Rouil , Chunmei Liu

Mobile Networks today comprise of multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs), e.g., 4G LTE, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and the upcoming 5G-New Radio (5G-NR). The access networks of these RATs are controlled by RAT-specific entities,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Pradnya Kiri Taksande , Pranav Jha , Abhay Karandikar , Prasanna Chaporkar

Open RAN brings multi-vendor diversity and interoperability to mobile/cellular networks. It is becoming part of governmental strategies for diversifying telecoms supply chains. This paper describes the approach and key achievements of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Adnan Aijaz , Sajida Gufran , Tim Farnham , Sita Chintalapati , Adrián Sánchez-Mompó , Peizheng Li

The O-RAN architecture enables a more flexible and dynamic radio access network (RAN) control by separating hardware and software components. However, the distributed nature of the O-RAN architecture also presents several challenges for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Cezary Adamczyk