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Low-rank adaption (LoRA) is a prominent method that adds a small number of learnable parameters to the frozen pre-trained weights for parameter-efficient fine-tuning. Prompted by the question, ``Can we make its representation enough with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Injoon Hwang , Haewon Park , Youngwan Lee , Jooyoung Yang , SunJae Maeng

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has been widely employed for domain adaptation, with LoRA being one of the most prominent methods due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, in multi-task learning (MTL) scenarios, LoRA tends to…

Continual Learning (CL) requires models to sequentially adapt to new tasks without forgetting old knowledge. Recently, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a representative Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, has gained increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lingfeng He , De Cheng , Huaijie Wang , Xi Yang , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

Low-Rank Adapters (LoRAs) have transformed the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling parameter-efficient updates. However, their widespread adoption remains limited by the reliance on GPU-based training. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Reza Arabpour , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Anastasis Kratsios

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a new paradigm for cost-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). However, fine-tuned LLMs often become overconfident especially when fine-tuned on small datasets. Bayesian methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Adam X. Yang , Maxime Robeyns , Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method. However, its linear adaptation process limits its expressive power. This means there is a gap between the expressive power of linear training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiacheng Li , Jianchao Tan , Zhidong Yang , Feiye Huo , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the leading parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for Large Language Models (LLMs), but it still suffers from catastrophic forgetting. Recent work has shown that specialized LoRA initialization can alleviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Pengwei Tang , Xiaolin Hu , Yong Liu , Lizhong Ding , Dongjie Zhang , Xing Wu , Debing Zhang

Fine-tuning large pre-trained vision foundation models in a parameter-efficient manner is critical for downstream vision tasks, considering the practical constraints of computational and storage costs. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Houqiang Zhong , Shaocheng Shen , Ke Cai , Zhenglong Wu , Jiangchao Yao , Yuan Cheng , Xuefei Li , Xiaoyun Zhang , Li Song , Qiang Hu

Recently years have witnessed a rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Despite the strong ability in many language-understanding tasks, the heavy computational burden largely restricts the application of LLMs especially when one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Xiaotao Gu , Xin Chen , Heng Chang , Hengheng Zhang , Zhengsu Chen , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

We study the computational limits of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for finetuning transformer-based models using fine-grained complexity theory. Our key observation is that the existence of low-rank decompositions within the gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Maojiang Su , En-Jui Kuo , Zhao Song , Han Liu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables efficient fine-tuning of pre-trained language models through low-rank matrix approximation, achieving effectiveness in many scenarios. However, its representation capacity is constrained in complex tasks…

With the proliferation of large pre-trained language models (PLMs), fine-tuning all model parameters becomes increasingly inefficient, particularly when dealing with numerous downstream tasks that entail substantial training and storage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nadav Benedek , Lior Wolf

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, fine-tuning LLMs is extraordinarily computationally expensive, preventing smaller businesses and research teams with limited GPU resources from engaging with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Daniel Frees , Aditri Bhagirath , Moritz Bolling

Little research explores the correlation between the expressive ability and generalization ability of the low-rank adaptation (LoRA). Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) improves model generalization for both Convolutional Neural Networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jiaxin Deng , Qingcheng Zhu , Junbiao Pang , Linlin Yang , Zhongqian Fu , Baochang Zhang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its mixture-of-experts (MOE) variants are highly effective parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods. However, they introduce significant latency in multi-tenant settings due to the LoRA modules and MOE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jingfan Zhang , Yi Zhao , Dan Chen , Xing Tian , Huanran Zheng , Wei Zhu

Adapting large pretrained models to new tasks efficiently and continually is crucial for real-world deployment but remains challenging due to catastrophic forgetting and the high cost of retraining. While parameter-efficient tuning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Prakhar Kaushik , Ankit Vaidya , Shravan Chaudhari , Rama Chellappa , Alan Yuille

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a cost-effective way to incorporate information from a specific dataset. However, when a problem requires incorporating information from multiple datasets - as in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liyi Zhang , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths

This paper presents a novel methodology of fine-tuning for large language models-dynamic LoRA. Building from the standard Low-Rank Adaptation framework, this methodology further adds dynamic adaptation mechanisms to improve efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xiaoxuan Liao , Chihang Wang , Shicheng Zhou , Jiacheng Hu , Hongye Zheng , Jia Gao

Processing visual data often involves small adjustments or sequences of changes, e.g., image filtering, surface smoothing, and animation. While established graphics techniques like normal mapping and video compression exploit redundancy to…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Anh Truong , Ahmed H. Mahmoud , Mina Konaković Luković , Justin Solomon

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum