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Multilingual toxicity detection remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of training data and resources for many languages. While prior work has leveraged the translate-test paradigm to support cross-lingual transfer across a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Samuel J. Bell , Eduardo Sánchez , David Dale , Pontus Stenetorp , Mikel Artetxe , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Toxicity text detectors can be vulnerable to adversarial examples - small perturbations to input text that fool the systems into wrong detection. Existing attack algorithms are time-consuming and often produce invalid or ambiguous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Xuan Zhu , Dmitriy Bespalov , Liwen You , Ninad Kulkarni , Yanjun Qi

WARNING: This paper contains examples of offensive materials. To address the proliferation of toxic content on social media, we introduce SMARTER, we introduce SMARTER, a data-efficient two-stage framework for explainable content moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Huy Nghiem , Advik Sachdeva , Hal Daumé

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revealed remarkable generative capabilities and emerging self-regulatory mechanisms, including self-correction and self-rewarding. However, current detoxification techniques rarely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kaituo Zhang , Zhimeng Jiang , Na Zou

The field of natural language generation has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, including the development of controllable text generation techniques. However, controlling the attributes of the generated text remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Tong Niu , Caiming Xiong , Semih Yavuz , Yingbo Zhou

This paper introduces mhGPT, a lightweight generative pre-trained transformer trained on mental health-related social media and PubMed articles. Fine-tuned for specific mental health tasks, mhGPT was evaluated under limited hardware…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Dae-young Kim , Rebecca Hwa , Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman

Large Language Models have demonstrated impressive fluency across diverse tasks, yet their tendency to produce toxic content remains a critical challenge for AI safety and public trust. Existing toxicity mitigation approaches primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zuhair Hasan Shaik , Abdullah Mazhar , Aseem Srivastava , Md Shad Akhtar

The evolution of digital communication systems and the designs of online platforms have inadvertently facilitated the subconscious propagation of toxic behavior. Giving rise to reactive responses to toxic behavior. Toxicity in online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Smita Khapre , Melkamu Abay Mersha , Hassan Shakil , Jonali Baruah , Jugal Kalita

Large language models (LLMs) have reached human-like proficiency in generating diverse textual content, underscoring the necessity for effective fake text detection to avoid potential risks such as fake news in social media. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhixin Lai , Xuesheng Zhang , Suiyao Chen

Transformer-based models have achieved strong performance in remote sensing image captioning by capturing long-range dependencies and contextual information. However, their practical deployment is hindered by high computational costs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Swadhin Das , Divyansh Mundra , Priyanshu Dayal , Raksha Sharma

User posts whose perceived toxicity depends on the conversational context are rare in current toxicity detection datasets. Hence, toxicity detectors trained on existing datasets will also tend to disregard context, making the detection of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Alexandros Xenos , John Pavlopoulos , Ion Androutsopoulos , Lucas Dixon , Jeffrey Sorensen , Leo Laugier

Now-a-days, derogatory comments are often made by one another, not only in offline environment but also immensely in online environments like social networking websites and online communities. So, an Identification combined with Prevention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Navoneel Chakrabarty

This paper introduces TinySaver, an early-exit-like dynamic model compression approach which employs tiny models to substitute large models adaptively. Distinct from traditional compression techniques, dynamic methods like TinySaver can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Qingyuan Wang , Barry Cardiff , Antoine Frappé , Benoit Larras , Deepu John

Developing deep learning models on tiny devices (e.g. Microcontroller units, MCUs) has attracted much attention in various embedded IoT applications. However, it is challenging to efficiently design and deploy recent advanced models (e.g.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Jianlei Yang , Jiacheng Liao , Fanding Lei , Meichen Liu , Lingkun Long , Junyi Chen , Han Wan , Bei Yu , Weisheng Zhao

Pre-trained language models (e.g., BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) and its variants) have achieved remarkable success in varieties of NLP tasks. However, these models usually consist of hundreds of millions of parameters which brings challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Wenhui Wang , Furu Wei , Li Dong , Hangbo Bao , Nan Yang , Ming Zhou

The rapid growth of live-streaming platforms such as Twitch has introduced complex challenges in moderating toxic behavior. Traditional moderation approaches, such as human annotation and keyword-based filtering, have demonstrated utility,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Baktash Ansari , Elias Martin , Afra Mashhadi

While in real life everyone behaves themselves at least to some extent, it is much more difficult to expect people to behave themselves on the internet, because there are few checks or consequences for posting something toxic to others.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Kehan Wang , Jiaxi Yang , Hongjun Wu

Modern deep learning-based models have seen outstanding performance improvement with speech enhancement tasks. The number of parameters of state-of-the-art models, however, is often too large to be deployed on devices for real-world…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Hyeong-Seok Choi , Sungjin Park , Jie Hwan Lee , Hoon Heo , Dongsuk Jeon , Kyogu Lee

Detecting software vulnerabilities is critical to ensuring the security and reliability of modern computer systems. Deep neural networks have shown promising results on vulnerability detection, but they lack the capability to capture global…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Sameer Shaik , Zhen Huang , Daniela Stan Raicu , Jacob Furst