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Second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden in centrosymmetric molecular materials. However, a signal is frequently observed from interfaces where the symmetry is broken. Whereas the effect can be phenomenologically accommodated, an ab…

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) supports a wide range of two-dimensional (2D) technologies, yet assessing its crystalline quality over large areas remains a fundamental challenge. Both antiparallel domains, an intrinsic outcome of epitaxy on…

Second-order superlattices form when moir\'e superlattices of similar periodicities interfere with each other, leading to even larger superlattice periodicities. These crystalline structures have been engineered utilizing two-dimensional…

Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials can be vertically stacked with van der Waals bonds, which enable interlayer coupling. In the particular case of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers, the relative direction between…

Recent advancements in the generation of mid-infrared and terahertz laser pulses have enabled us to observe strong-field driven non-perturbative high-harmonic generation (HHG) from semiconductors, dielectrics, and semimetals. HHG has added…

Optics · Physics 2022-03-22 M. S. Mrudul

We present an analytical theory of second harmonic generation (SHG) in hybrid structures combining a nonlinear 2D crystal with a dielectric metasurface waveguide. The theory describes the excitation spectrum and enhancement of SHG at both…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-07 Egor S. Vyatkin , Sergey A. Tarasenko

The interface between two different semiconductors is crucial in determining the electronic properties at the heterojunction, therefore novel techniques that can probe these regions are of particular interest. Recently it has been shown…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Frederico B. Sousa , Lucas Lafeta , Alisson R. Cadore , Prasana K. Sahoo , Leandro M. Malard

We report a coherent layer-by-layer high-order harmonic generation (HHG) build-up in artificially stacked transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) crystals in their various stacking configurations. In the experiments, millimeter-sized single…

We conduct a theoretical and numerical study on the second-harmonic (SH) optical response of a nano-structured metamaterial composed of a periodic array of inclusions. Both the inclusions and their surrounding matrix are made of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-03-13 Ulises R. Meza , Bernardo S. Mendoza , W. Luis Mochán

A comparative experimental investigation of the dependence of second harmonic generation (SHG) on applied external voltage between the standard nematic liquid crystalline material and an analogue ferromagnetic nematic liquid crystalline…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-09-30 Jure Brence , Luka Cmok , Nerea Sebastian , Alenka Mertelj , Darja Lisjak , Irena Drevensek-Olenik

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is used as a noninvasive probe of two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of copolymer vinylidene fluoride with trifluorethylene. The surface 2D…

Since the first observation of second harmonic generation (SHG), there have been extensive studies on this nonlinear phenomenon not only to clarify its physical origin but also to realize unconventional functionalities. Nonetheless, a…

Symmetry governs the selection rules of light-matter interactions in crystalline materials, making symmetry manipulation a powerful tool for tuning their optical properties. Here, we demonstrate that the hot-electron injection from a…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-02 Zhizi Guan , Zhiwei Peng , David J. Srolovitz , Jacob Khurgin , Dangyuan Lei

Topological properties in quantum materials are often governed by symmetry and tuned by crystal structure and external fields, and hence symmetry-sensitive nonlinear optical measurements in a magnetic field are a valuable probe. Here we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Shuang Wu , Zaiyao Fei , Zeyuan Sun , Yangfan Yi , Wei Xia , Dayu Yan , Yanfeng Guo , Youguo Shi , Jiaqiang Yan , David H. Cobden , Wei-Tao Liu , Xiaodong Xu , Shiwei Wu

As the emerging ferroelectric (FE) materials, the ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) sliding ferroelectrics without phase-matching bottleneck, usually exhibit the pronounced second harmonic generation (SHG) responses. Despite the structural…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-02 Fengfeng Ye , Qiankun Li , Zhuocheng Lu , Xinfeng Chen , Yang Li , Hua Wang , Lu You , Gaoyang Gou

A population imbalance at different valleys of an electronic system lowers its effective rotational symmetry. We introduce a technique to measure such imbalance - a valley polarization - that exploits the unique fingerprints of this…

We report second-harmonic generation (SHG) from thick hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes with approximately 109-111 layers. The resulting effective second-order susceptibility is similar to previously reported few-layer experiments. This…

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) enables orientational polarimetry for crystallographic analysis and domain imaging of various materials. However, conventional intensity polarimetry, which neglects phase information, fails to…

Two-dimensional (2D) tin(II) sulfide (SnS) crystals belong to a class of orthorhombic semiconducting materials that are lately attracting significant interest, given their remarkable properties, such as in-plane anisotropic optical and…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a non-linear optical process, where two photons coherently combine into one photon of twice their energy. Efficient SHG occurs for crystals with broken inversion symmetry, such as transition metal…