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Variational Quantum Algorithms have emerged as a leading paradigm for near-term quantum computation. In such algorithms, a parameterized quantum circuit is controlled via a classical optimization method that seeks to minimize a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Javier Rivera-Dean , Patrick Huembeli , Antonio Acín , Joseph Bowles

A quantum generalization of Natural Gradient Descent is presented as part of a general-purpose optimization framework for variational quantum circuits. The optimization dynamics is interpreted as moving in the steepest descent direction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 James Stokes , Josh Izaac , Nathan Killoran , Giuseppe Carleo

We propose Quantum Riemannian Hamiltonian Descent (QRHD), a quantum algorithm for continuous optimization on Riemannian manifolds that extends Quantum Hamiltonian Descent (QHD) by incorporating geometric structure of the parameter space via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Yoshihiko Abe , Ryo Nagai

Two algorithms are proposed, analyzed, and tested for solving continuous optimization problems with nonlinear equality constraints. Each is an extension of a stochastic momentum-based method from the unconstrained setting to the setting of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Qi Wang , Christian Piermarini , Yunlang Zhu , Frank E. Curtis

Gradient descent is a fundamental algorithm in both theory and practice for continuous optimization. Identifying its quantum counterpart would be appealing to both theoretical and practical quantum applications. A conventional approach to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-03 Jiaqi Leng , Ethan Hickman , Joseph Li , Xiaodi Wu

Optical quantum circuits can be optimized using gradient descent methods, as the gates in a circuit can be parametrized by continuous parameters. However, the parameter space as seen by the cost function is not Euclidean, which means that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Yuan Yao , Pierre Cussenot , Richard A. Wolf , Filippo M. Miatto

The use of momentum in stochastic gradient methods has become a widespread practice in machine learning. Different variants of momentum, including heavy-ball momentum, Nesterov's accelerated gradient (NAG), and quasi-hyperbolic momentum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Igor Gitman , Hunter Lang , Pengchuan Zhang , Lin Xiao

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants underpin modern machine learning by enabling efficient optimization of large-scale models. However, their local search nature limits exploration in complex landscapes. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Sirui Peng , Shengminjie Chen , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou

This work studies the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm, designed to determine the ground state of a quantum mechanical system by combining classical and quantum hardware. Methods of reducing the number of required qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 R. J. P. T. de Keijzer , V. E. Colussi , B. Škorić , S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

We discuss the current state of the art of Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) and their possible applications in the search for quantum advantages. To this aim, we first discuss a possible way of benchmarking QRNG by applying them to…

We introduce a quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for continuous optimization. The algorithm is based on the dynamics of a quantum system moving in an energy potential which encodes the objective function. By approximating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Guillaume Verdon , Juan Miguel Arrazola , Kamil Brádler , Nathan Killoran

Quantum optimization, a key application of quantum computing, has traditionally been stymied by the linearly increasing complexity of gradient calculations with an increasing number of parameters. This work bridges the gap between Koopman…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Di Luo , Jiayu Shen , Rumen Dangovski , Marin Soljačić

We introduce a novel algorithm for gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions. The method may be seen as a variant of SGD with momentum equipped with an adaptive learning rate automatically adjusted by an 'energy'…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-24 Hailiang Liu , Xuping Tian

We address the problem of quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) under model-free settings with quantum oracle access to the Markov Decision Process (MDP). This paper introduces a Quantum Natural Policy Gradient (QNPG) algorithm, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Yang Xu , Vaneet Aggarwal

Simulation of realistic classical mechanical systems is of great importance to many areas of engineering such as robotics, dynamics of rotating machinery and control theory. In this work, we develop quantum algorithms to estimate quantities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Hari Krovi

The Stochastic Gradient Descent method (SGD) and its stochastic variants have become methods of choice for solving finite-sum optimization problems arising from machine learning and data science thanks to their ability to handle large-scale…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Trang H. Tran , Quoc Tran-Dinh , Lam M. Nguyen

The simulation of quantum dynamics on a digital quantum computer with parameterized circuits has widespread applications in fundamental and applied physics and chemistry. In this context, using the hybrid quantum-classical algorithm,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Tangyou Huang , Yongcheng Ding , Léonce Dupays , Yue Ban , Man-Hong Yung , Adolfo del Campo , Xi Chen

We propose a continuous-time scheme for large-scale optimization that introduces individual, adaptive momentum coefficients regulated by the kinetic energy of each model parameter. This approach automatically adjusts to local landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aikaterini Karoni , Rajit Rajpal , Benedict Leimkuhler , Gabriel Stoltz

Modern optimization algorithms that incorporate momentum and adaptive step-size offer improved performance in numerous challenging deep learning tasks. However, their effectiveness is often highly sensitive to the choice of hyperparameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Rustem Islamov , Niccolo Ajroldi , Antonio Orvieto , Aurelien Lucchi

Optimization problems in disciplines such as machine learning are commonly solved with iterative methods. Gradient descent algorithms find local minima by moving along the direction of steepest descent while Newton's method takes into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Patrick Rebentrost , Maria Schuld , Leonard Wossnig , Francesco Petruccione , Seth Lloyd