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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a powerful approach for solving problems involving differential equations, yet they often struggle to solve problems with high frequency and/or multi-scale solutions. Finite basis…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Victorita Dolean , Alexander Heinlein , Siddhartha Mishra , Ben Moseley

Recently, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have offered a powerful new paradigm for solving problems relating to differential equations. Compared to classical numerical methods PINNs have several advantages, for example their…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Ben Moseley , Andrew Markham , Tarje Nissen-Meyer

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [4, 10] are an approach for solving boundary value problems based on differential equations (PDEs). The key idea of PINNs is to use a neural network to approximate the solution to the PDE and to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Victorita Dolean , Alexander Heinlein , Siddhartha Mishra , Ben Moseley

Accurately simulating wave propagation is crucial in fields such as acoustics, electromagnetism, and seismic analysis. Traditional numerical methods, like finite difference and finite element approaches, are widely used to solve governing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Victorita Dolean , Daria Hrebenshchykova , Stéphane Lanteri , Victor Michel-Dansac

We introduce adaptive-basis physics-informed neural networks (AB-PINNs), a novel approach to domain decomposition for training PINNs in which existing subdomains dynamically adapt to the intrinsic features of the unknown solution. Drawing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jonah Botvinick-Greenhouse , Wael H. Ali , Mouhacine Benosman , Saviz Mowlavi

We develop a distributed framework for the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) based on two recent extensions, namely conservative PINNs (cPINNs) and extended PINNs (XPINNs), which employ domain decomposition in space and in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Khemraj Shukla , Ameya D. Jagtap , George Em Karniadakis

We enhance machine learning algorithms for learning model parameters in complex systems represented by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with domain decomposition methods. The study evaluates the performance of two approaches, namely…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-03 Tirtho S. Saha , Alexander Heinlein , Cordula Reisch

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are capable of finding the solution for a given boundary value problem. We employ several ideas from the finite element method (FEM) to enhance the performance of existing PINNs in engineering…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Shahed Rezaei , Ali Harandi , Ahmad Moeineddin , Bai-Xiang Xu , Stefanie Reese

Multiscale problems are challenging for neural network-based discretizations of differential equations, such as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). This can be (partly) attributed to the so-called spectral bias of neural networks. To…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Alexander Heinlein , Amanda A. Howard , Damien Beecroft , Panos Stinis

In this paper, we propose the augmented physics-informed neural network (APINN), which adopts soft and trainable domain decomposition and flexible parameter sharing to further improve the extended PINN (XPINN) as well as the vanilla PINN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zheyuan Hu , Ameya D. Jagtap , George Em Karniadakis , Kenji Kawaguchi

By integrating physics-informed neural network (PINN) techniques with domain decomposition method, a deep domain decomposition method is presented for solving elliptic variational inequality problems. Based on the Ritz variation method, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Yiyang Wang , Qijia Zhou , Shengyuan Deng , Chenliang Li

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are effective in solving integer-order partial differential equations (PDEs) based on scattered and noisy data. PINNs employ standard feedforward neural networks (NNs) with the PDEs explicitly…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-11-03 Guofei Pang , Lu Lu , George Em Karniadakis

Deep learning has been shown to be an effective tool in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) through physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs embed the PDE residual into the loss function of the neural network, and have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jeremy Yu , Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , George Em Karniadakis

We present pseudo-differential enhanced physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), an extension of gradient enhancement but in Fourier space. Gradient enhancement of PINNs dictates that the PDE residual is taken to a higher differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Andrew Gracyk

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) face significant challenges in modeling multi-frequency wavefields in complex velocity models due to their slow convergence, difficulty in representing high-frequency details, and lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Shijun Cheng , Tariq Alkhalifah

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a novel computational approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy and sparse initial and boundary data. Although, efficient quantification of epistemic and aleatoric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Júlia Vicens Figueres , Juliette Vanderhaeghen , Federica Bragone , Kateryna Morozovska , Khemraj Shukla

In various engineering and applied science applications, repetitive numerical simulations of partial differential equations (PDEs) for varying input parameters are often required (e.g., aircraft shape optimization over many design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Woojin Cho , Kookjin Lee , Donsub Rim , Noseong Park

This work investigates the use of shallow physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for solving forward and inverse problems of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). By reformulating PINNs as nonlinear systems, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Muhammad Luthfi Shahab , Imam Mukhlash , Hadi Susanto

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve physical systems by incorporating governing partial differential equations directly into neural network training. In electromagnetism, where well-established methodologies such as FDTD and FEM…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Nilufer K. Bulut

A multi-preconditioned LBFGS (MP-LBFGS) algorithm is introduced for training finite-basis physics-informed neural networks (FBPINNs). The algorithm is motivated by the nonlinear additive Schwarz method and exploits the…

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