English
Related papers

Related papers: Beyond Unconstrained Features: Neural Collapse for…

200 papers

Neural networks are known to develop latent representations that are $aligned$, namely structurally similar across networks trained with different architectures, training protocols, or training datasets. We study this phenomenon in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-27 Ali Hussaini Umar , Alessandro Laio

Empirical studies show that gradient-based methods can learn deep neural networks (DNNs) with very good generalization performance in the over-parameterization regime, where DNNs can easily fit a random labeling of the training data. Very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

Convergence of deep neural networks as the depth of the networks tends to infinity is fundamental in building the mathematical foundation for deep learning. In a previous study, we investigated this question for deep ReLU networks with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the standard method for learning from networks across fields ranging from biology to social systems, yet a principled understanding of what enables them to extract meaningful representations, or why…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-19 Nil Ayday , Mahalakshmi Sabanayagam , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

This review aims to conduct a comparative analysis of liquid neural networks (LNNs) and traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and their variants, such as long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and gated recurrent units (GRUs). The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shilong Zong , Alex Bierly , Almuatazbellah Boker , Hoda Eldardiry

In this work, we investigate a particular implicit bias in gradient descent training, which we term "Feature Averaging," and argue that it is one of the principal factors contributing to the non-robustness of deep neural networks. We show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Binghui Li , Zhixuan Pan , Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

We study the implicit bias of flatness / low (loss) curvature and its effects on generalization in two-layer overparameterized ReLU networks with multivariate inputs -- a problem well motivated by the minima stability and edge-of-stability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-13 Tongtong Liang , Dan Qiao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Rahul Parhi

Recurrent and deep neural networks (RNNs/DNNs) are cornerstone architectures in machine learning. Remarkably, RNNs differ from DNNs only by weight sharing, as can be shown through unrolling in time. How does this structural similarity fit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Jan P. Bauer , Kirsten Fischer , Moritz Helias , Agostina Palmigiano

Training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is a high-dimensional process that requires updating numerous parameters. Therefore, it is often difficult to pinpoint the underlying learning mechanisms. To address this challenge, we propose to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-12 Udith Haputhanthri , Liam Storan , Yiqi Jiang , Tarun Raheja , Adam Shai , Orhun Akengin , Nina Miolane , Mark J. Schnitzer , Fatih Dinc , Hidenori Tanaka

Recently, interesting empirical phenomena known as Neural Collapse have been observed during the final phase of training deep neural networks for classification tasks. We examine this issue when the feature dimension d is equal to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yi Shen , Shao Gu

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used for image classification in a variety of fields, including medical imaging. While most studies deploy cross-entropy as the loss function in such tasks, a growing number of approaches have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Vasileios Baltatzis , Loic Le Folgoc , Sam Ellis , Octavio E. Martinez Manzanera , Kyriaki-Margarita Bintsi , Arjun Nair , Sujal Desai , Ben Glocker , Julia A. Schnabel

Understanding how overparameterized neural networks generalize despite perfect interpolation of noisy training data is a fundamental question. Mallinar et. al. 2022 noted that neural networks seem to often exhibit ``tempered overfitting'',…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Nirmit Joshi , Gal Vardi , Nathan Srebro

Random features models play a distinguished role in the theory of deep learning, describing the behavior of neural networks close to their infinite-width limit. In this work, we present a thorough analysis of the generalization performance…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-03 Fabián Aguirre-López , Silvio Franz , Mauro Pastore

Neural collapse, i.e., the emergence of highly symmetric, class-wise clustered representations, is frequently observed in deep networks and is often assumed to reflect or enable generalization. In parallel, flatness of the loss landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ting Han , Linara Adilova , Henning Petzka , Jens Kleesiek , Michael Kamp

Background. A main theoretical puzzle is why over-parameterized Neural Networks (NNs) generalize well when trained to zero loss (i.e., so they interpolate the data). Usually, the NN is trained with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) or one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Gon Buzaglo , Itamar Harel , Mor Shpigel Nacson , Alon Brutzkus , Nathan Srebro , Daniel Soudry

We study the interplay between memorization and generalization of overparameterized networks in the extreme case of a single training example and an identity-mapping task. We examine fully-connected and convolutional networks (FCN and CNN),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-10 Chiyuan Zhang , Samy Bengio , Moritz Hardt , Michael C. Mozer , Yoram Singer

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are typically optimized using various forms of mini-batch gradient descent algorithm. A major motivation for mini-batch gradient descent is that with a suitably chosen batch size, available computing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Oyebade K. Oyedotun , Konstantinos Papadopoulos , Djamila Aouada

Embeddings produced by pre-trained deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used; however, their efficacy for downstream tasks can vary widely. We study the factors influencing transferability and out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Md Yousuf Harun , Kyungbok Lee , Jhair Gallardo , Giri Krishnan , Christopher Kanan

This paper introduces a new technique to measure the feature dependency of neural network models. The motivation is to better understand a model by querying whether it is using information from human-understandable features, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yinzhu Jin , Matthew B. Dwyer , P. Thomas Fletcher

It is well-known that modern neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. To mitigate this problem, a series of robust learning algorithms have been proposed. However, although the robust training error can be near zero via some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Binghui Li , Jikai Jin , Han Zhong , John E. Hopcroft , Liwei Wang