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We propose a simple modification to standard ResNet architectures--L2 normalization over feature space--that substantially improves out-of-distribution (OoD) performance on the previously proposed Deep Deterministic Uncertainty (DDU)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Jarrod Haas , William Yolland , Bernhard Rabus

We study regularized deep neural networks (DNNs) and introduce a convex analytic framework to characterize the structure of the hidden layers. We show that a set of optimal hidden layer weights for a norm regularized DNN training problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Tolga Ergen , Mert Pilanci

Catastrophic forgetting is a major problem in continual learning, and lots of approaches arise to reduce it. However, most of them are evaluated through task accuracy, which ignores the internal model structure. Recent research suggests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yunqin Zhu , Jun Jin

Recent works have cast some light on the mystery of why deep nets fit any data and generalize despite being very overparametrized. This paper analyzes training and generalization for a simple 2-layer ReLU net with random initialization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Sanjeev Arora , Simon S. Du , Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Ruosong Wang

This work investigates the generalization behavior of deep neural networks (DNNs), focusing on the phenomenon of "fooling examples," where DNNs confidently classify inputs that appear random or unstructured to humans. To explore this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yen-Lung Lai , Zhe Jin

Modern practice for training classification deepnets involves a Terminal Phase of Training (TPT), which begins at the epoch where training error first vanishes; During TPT, the training error stays effectively zero while training loss is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Vardan Papyan , X. Y. Han , David L. Donoho

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved breakthrough performances in a wide range of applications including image classification, semantic segmentation, and object detection. Previous research on characterizing the generalization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-04 Shan Lin , Jingwei Zhang

Learning representations that generalize under distribution shifts is critical for building robust machine learning models. However, despite significant efforts in recent years, algorithmic advances in this direction have been limited. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Tianren Zhang , Chujie Zhao , Guanyu Chen , Yizhou Jiang , Feng Chen

Understanding how feature learning affects generalization is among the foremost goals of modern deep learning theory. Here, we study how the ability to learn representations affects the generalization performance of a simple class of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , William L. Tong , Cengiz Pehlevan

We consider shallow (single hidden layer) neural networks and characterize their performance when trained with stochastic gradient descent as the number of hidden units $N$ and gradient descent steps grow to infinity. In particular, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-02 Jiahui Yu , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

Although overparameterized models have achieved remarkable practical success, their theoretical properties, particularly their generalization behavior, remain incompletely understood. The well known double descents phenomenon suggests that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Haoran Zhan , Yingcun Xia

Neural network (NN) denoisers are an essential building block in many common tasks, ranging from image reconstruction to image generation. However, the success of these models is not well understood from a theoretical perspective. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-17 Chen Zeno , Greg Ongie , Yaniv Blumenfeld , Nir Weinberger , Daniel Soudry

Neural collapse describes the geometry of activation in the final layer of a deep neural network when it is trained beyond performance plateaus. Open questions include whether neural collapse leads to better generalization and, if so, why…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Siwei Wang , Stephanie E Palmer

This paper focuses on understanding how the generalization error scales with the amount of the training data for deep neural networks (DNNs). Existing techniques in statistical learning require computation of capacity measures, such as VC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Devansh Bisla , Apoorva Nandini Saridena , Anna Choromanska

Modern deep neural networks for classification usually jointly learn a backbone for representation and a linear classifier to output the logit of each class. A recent study has shown a phenomenon called neural collapse that the within-class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Yibo Yang , Shixiang Chen , Xiangtai Li , Liang Xie , Zhouchen Lin , Dacheng Tao

Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a fundamental structure in deep learning. Recently, some works study the training process of over-parameterized neural networks, and show that over-parameterized networks can learn functions in some notable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Lifu Wang , Bo Shen , Bo Hu , Xing Cao

Neural Collapse refers to the remarkable structural properties characterizing the geometry of class embeddings and classifier weights, found by deep nets when trained beyond zero training error. However, this characterization only holds for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Christos Thrampoulidis , Ganesh R. Kini , Vala Vakilian , Tina Behnia

Inspired by the adaptation phenomenon of neuronal firing, we propose the regularity normalization (RN) as an unsupervised attention mechanism (UAM) which computes the statistical regularity in the implicit space of neural networks under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Baihan Lin

The accuracy of deep learning, i.e., deep neural networks, can be characterized by dividing the total error into three main types: approximation error, optimization error, and generalization error. Whereas there are some satisfactory…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-03 Pengzhan Jin , Lu Lu , Yifa Tang , George Em Karniadakis

Improving sparsity of deep neural networks (DNNs) is essential for network compression and has drawn much attention. In this work, we disclose a harmful sparsifying process called filter collapse, which is common in DNNs with batch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Sheng Zhou , Xinjiang Wang , Ping Luo , Litong Feng , Wenjie Li , Wei Zhang