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Modern vision models achieve remarkable accuracy, but explaining where evidence arises, what the model encodes, and how internal computations assemble that evidence remains fragmented. We introduce an iERF-centric framework that unifies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yearim Kim , Sangyu Han , Nojun Kwak

While concept-based interpretability methods have traditionally focused on local explanations of neural network predictions, we propose a novel framework and interactive tool that extends these methods into the domain of mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sofiia Chorna , Kateryna Tarelkina , Eloïse Berthier , Gianni Franchi

(Renyi Qu's Master's Thesis) Recent advancements in interpretable models for vision-language tasks have achieved competitive performance; however, their interpretability often suffers due to the reliance on unstructured text outputs from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Renyi Qu , Mark Yatskar

Providing interpretability of deep-learning models to non-experts, while fundamental for a responsible real-world usage, is challenging. Attribution maps from xAI techniques, such as Integrated Gradients, are a typical example of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Caroline Mazini Rodrigues , Nicolas Boutry , Laurent Najman

Explainable AI (XAI) underwent a recent surge in research on concept extraction, focusing on extracting human-interpretable concepts from Deep Neural Networks. An important challenge facing concept extraction approaches is the difficulty of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Dmitry Kazhdan , Botty Dimanov , Lucie Charlotte Magister , Pietro Barbiero , Mateja Jamnik , Pietro Lio

Interpretability methods for image classification assess model trustworthiness by attempting to expose whether the model is systematically biased or attending to the same cues as a human would. Saliency methods for feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-08 Jacob Pfau , Albert T. Young , Jerome Wei , Maria L. Wei , Michael J. Keiser

Developing inherently interpretable models for prediction has gained prominence in recent years. A subclass of these models, wherein the interpretable network relies on learning high-level concepts, are valued because of closeness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jayneel Parekh , Quentin Bouniot , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Alasdair Newson , Florence d'Alché-Buc

Machine unlearning in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is typically performed at the image or instance level, making it difficult to precisely remove target knowledge without affecting unrelated semantics. This issue is especially pronounced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shen Lin , Jing Lin , Junhao Dong , Piotr Koniusz , Li Xu

Interpreting the inner workings of deep learning models is crucial for establishing trust and ensuring model safety. Concept-based explanations have emerged as a superior approach that is more interpretable than feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Mara Graziani , Laura O' Mahony , An-Phi Nguyen , Henning Müller , Vincent Andrearczyk

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are highly effective on a variety of graph-related tasks; however, they lack interpretability and transparency. Current explainability approaches are typically local and treat GNNs as black-boxes. They do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Han Xuanyuan , Pietro Barbiero , Dobrik Georgiev , Lucie Charlotte Magister , Pietro Lió

Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) offer insights into neural network decision-making by linking human friendly concepts to the model's internal feature extraction process. However, when a new set of CAVs is discovered, they must still be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Laines Schmalwasser , Jakob Gawlikowski , Joachim Denzler , Julia Niebling

Recent work has demonstrated that complex visual stimuli can be decoded from human brain activity using deep generative models, offering new ways to probe how the brain represents real-world scenes. However, many existing approaches first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pinyuan Feng , Hossein Adeli , Wenxuan Guo , Fan Cheng , Ethan Hwang , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte

Concept-based explanations translate the internal representations of deep learning models into a language that humans are familiar with: concepts. One popular method for finding concepts is Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs), which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Angus Nicolson , Lisa Schut , J. Alison Noble , Yarin Gal

Concept-based interpretability methods are a popular form of explanation for deep learning models which provide explanations in the form of high-level human interpretable concepts. These methods typically find concept activation vectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Angus Nicolson , Yarin Gal , J. Alison Noble

Mechanistic interpretability is an emerging diagnostic approach for neural models that has gained traction in broader natural language processing domains. This paradigm aims to provide attribution to components of neural systems where…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Andrew Parry , Catherine Chen , Carsten Eickhoff , Sean MacAvaney

Image decomposition aims to analyze an image into elementary components, which is essential for numerous downstream tasks and also by nature provides certain interpretability to the analysis. Deep learning can be powerful for such tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Sihan Wang , Shangqi Gao , Fuping Wu , Xiahai Zhuang

Decoding visual experience from brain signals offers exciting possibilities for neuroscience and interpretable AI. While EEG is accessible and temporally precise, its limitations in spatial detail hinder image reconstruction. Our model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Arshak Rezvani , Ali Akbari , Kosar Sanjar Arani , Maryam Mirian , Emad Arasteh , Martin J. McKeown

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have advanced significantly in handling graph-structured data, but a comprehensive framework for evaluating explainability remains lacking. Existing evaluation frameworks primarily involve post-hoc explanations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Magdalena Proszewska , N. Siddharth

This paper presents a novel concept learning framework for enhancing model interpretability and performance in visual classification tasks. Our approach appends an unsupervised explanation generator to the primary classifier network and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Tanmay Garg , Deepika Vemuri , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

An open problem in mobile manipulation is how to represent objects and scenes in a unified manner so that robots can use both for navigation and manipulation. The latter requires capturing intricate geometry while understanding fine-grained…

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