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With the widespread use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in many areas, more and more studies focus on protecting DNN models from intellectual property (IP) infringement. Many existing methods apply digital watermarking to protect the DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Lina Lin , Hanzhou Wu

The rapid development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information besides that, digital documents are also easy to copy and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2010-03-23 Mahmoud Elnajjar , A. A Zaidan , B. B Zaidan , Mohamed Elhadi M. Sharif , Hamdan. O. Alanazi

The surging demand for large-scale datasets in deep learning has heightened the need for effective copyright protection, given the risks of unauthorized use to data owners. Although the dataset watermark technique holds promise for auditing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xiao Ren , Xinyi Yu , Linkang Du , Min Chen , Yuanchao Shu , Zhou Su , Yunjun Gao , Zhikun Zhang

Watermarking is a key technique for detecting AI-generated text. In this work, we study its vulnerabilities and introduce the Smoothing Attack, a novel watermark removal method. By leveraging the relationship between the model's confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Hongyan Chang , Hamed Hassani , Reza Shokri

Efficient knowledge injection methods for Large Language Models (LLMs), such as In-Context Learning, knowledge editing, and efficient parameter fine-tuning, significantly enhance model utility on downstream tasks. However, they also pose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Ziwei Zhang , Juan Wen , Wanli Peng , Zhengxian Wu , Yinghan Zhou , Yiming Xue

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has highlighted the pressing need for reliable mechanisms to verify content ownership and ensure traceability. Watermarking offers a promising path forward, but it remains limited by privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Thomas Fargues , Ye Dong , Tianwei Zhang , Jin-Song Dong

As the outputs of generative AI (GenAI) techniques improve in quality, it becomes increasingly challenging to distinguish them from human-created content. Watermarking schemes are a promising approach to address the problem of…

Deep convolutional neural networks have made outstanding contributions in many fields such as computer vision in the past few years and many researchers published well-trained network for downloading. But recent studies have shown serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Xiquan Guan , Huamin Feng , Weiming Zhang , Hang Zhou , Jie Zhang , Nenghai Yu

To support various applications, a prevalent and efficient approach for business owners is leveraging their valuable datasets to fine-tune a pre-trained LLM through the API provided by LLM owners or cloud servers. However, this process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shen Li , Liuyi Yao , Jinyang Gao , Lan Zhang , Yaliang Li

Generative AI (GenAI) is transforming creative workflows through the capability to synthesize and manipulate images via high-level prompts. Yet creatives are not well supported to receive recognition or reward for the use of their content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Vishal Asnani , John Collomosse , Tu Bui , Xiaoming Liu , Shruti Agarwal

The indistinguishability of large language model (LLM) output from human-authored content poses significant challenges, raising concerns about potential misuse of AI-generated text and its influence on future model training. Watermarking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Alexander Nemecek , Yuzhou Jiang , Erman Ayday

Protecting intellectual property (IP) in federated learning (FL) is increasingly important as clients contribute proprietary data to collaboratively train models. Model watermarking, particularly through backdoor-based methods, has emerged…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Kaijing Luo , Ka-Ho Chow

Copyright protection and authentication of digital contents has become a significant issue in the current digital epoch with efficient communication mediums such as internet. Plain text is the rampantly used medium used over the internet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-03-10 Zunera Jalil , Anwar M. Mirza , Maria Sabir

This paper introduces EmMark,a novel watermarking framework for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of embedded large language models deployed on resource-constrained edge devices. To address the IP theft risks posed by malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

Watermarking inserts invisible data into content to protect copyright. The embedded information provides proof of authorship and facilitates tracking illegal distribution, etc. Current robust watermarking techniques have been proposed to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Wook-Hyung Kim , Seung-Hun Nam , Ji-Hyeon Kang , Heung-Kyu Lee

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found wide application, but also poses risks due to unintentional or malicious tampering during deployment. Regular checks are therefore necessary to detect and prevent such risks. Fragile watermarking is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Zhenzhe Gao , Zhaoxia Yin , Hongjian Zhan , Heng Yin , Yue Lu

The state of the art performance of deep learning models comes at a high cost for companies and institutions, due to the tedious data collection and the heavy processing requirements. Recently, [35, 22] proposed to watermark convolutional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Erwan Le Merrer , Patrick Perez , Gilles Trédan

To mitigate potential risks associated with language models, recent AI detection research proposes incorporating watermarks into machine-generated text through random vocabulary restrictions and utilizing this information for detection.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Yu Fu , Deyi Xiong , Yue Dong

Watermarking is a crucial tool for safeguarding copyrights and can serve as a more aesthetically pleasing alternative to QR codes. In recent years, watermarking methods based on deep learning have proved superior robustness against complex…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Zhe Lei , Jie Zhang , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

The advancement of secure communication and identity verification fields has significantly increased through the use of deep learning techniques for data hiding. By embedding information into a noise-tolerant signal such as audio, video, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Zihan Wang , Olivia Byrnes , Hu Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Congbo Ma , Huaming Chen , Qi Wu , Minhui Xue
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