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We elaborate a theory for the modeling of concepts using the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics. Concepts are represented by vectors in the complex Hilbert space of quantum mechanics and membership weights of items are modeled by…

General Physics · Physics 2012-03-28 Diederik Aerts

We tackle the problem of consciousness by taking the naturally selected, embodied organism as our starting point. We provide a formalism describing how biological systems such as human bodies self-organize to hierarchically interpret…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Michael Timothy Bennett , Sean Welsh , Anna Ciaunica

Analogies between quantum mechanics and sociology lead to the hypothesis that quantum objects are complex products of evolution. Like biological objects they are able to receive, to work on, and to spread semantic information. In general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Raoul Nakhmanson

We outline the rationale and preliminary results of using the State Context Property (SCOP) formalism, originally developed as a generalization of quantum mechanics, to describe the contextual manner in which concepts are evoked, used, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-02 Liane Gabora , Diederik Aerts

A phenomenological approach using the states of spin-like observables is developed to understand the nature of consciousness and the totality of experience. The three states of consciousness are taken to form the triplet of eigenstates of a…

General Physics · Physics 2010-10-19 Rajat Kumar Pradhan

It has been suggested, on the one hand, that quantum states are just states of knowledge; and, on the other, that quantum theory is merely a theory of correlations. These suggestions are confronted with problems about the nature of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthew J. Donald

The formalism of quantum theory in Hilbert space has been applied with success to the modeling and explanation of several cognitive phenomena, whereas traditional cognitive approaches were problematical. However, this 'quantum cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Diederik Aerts , Lyneth Beltran , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi , Sandro Sozzo , Tomas Veloz

In this work we attempt to confront the orthodox widespread claim present in the foundational literature of Quantum Mechanics (QM) according to which 'superpositions are never actually observed in the lab'. In order to do so, we begin by…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Christian de Ronde

After a summary of Bohr's views and their relation to Kant's theory of science, two fruitless lines of attack on the measurement problem are discussed: the way of the psi-ontologist and the way of the QBist. In the remainder of the paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-28 Ulrich Mohrhoff

The subject of this special issue is quantum models of cognition. At first sight it may seem bizarre, even ridiculous, to draw a connection between quantum mechanics, a highly successful theory usually understood as modeling sub-atomic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-08 Peter Bruza , Jerome Busemeyer , Liane Gabora

In this paper we consider the phenomenon of superpositions in quantum mechanics and suggest a way to deal with the idea in a logical setting from a syntactical point of view, that is, as subsumed in the language of the formalism, and not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-03 Decio Krause , Jonas R. B. Arenhart

We analyse the way in which the principle that 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts' manifests itself with phenomena of visual perception. For this investigation we use insights and techniques coming from quantum cognition, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Jonito Aerts Arguelles

An overview of the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics is presented, along with an explanation of how it sheds light on key quantum and relativistic phenomena. In particular, we show how the interpretation clarifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi , Sandro Sozzo

The role of quantum information is discussed in the framework of Quantum Concept of Consciousness (QCC), based on the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics (Everett interpretation). Within QCC the phenomenon of super-intuition is…

General Physics · Physics 2014-09-18 Michael B. Mensky

A quantum-like description of human decision process is developed, and a heuristic argument supporting the theory as sound phenomenology is given. It is shown to be capable of quantitatively explaining the conjunction fallacy in the same…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-09-21 Taksu Cheon , Taiki Takahashi

We identify the presence of typically quantum effects, namely 'superposition' and 'interference', in what happens when human concepts are combined, and provide a quantum model in complex Hilbert space that represents faithfully experimental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-08 Diederik Aerts , Sandro Sozzo

On the surface, behavioural science and physics seem to be two disparate fields of research. However, a closer examination of problems solved by them reveals that they are uniquely related to one another. Exemplified by the theories of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-17 Ivan S. Maksymov

We recently performed cognitive experiments on conjunctions and negations of two concepts with the aim of investigating the combination problem of concepts. Our experiments confirmed the deviations (conceptual vagueness, underextension,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Diederik Aerts , Sandro Sozzo , Tomas Veloz

This paper demonstrates that some non-classical models of human decision-making can be run successfully as circuits on quantum computers. Since the 1960s, many observed cognitive behaviors have been shown to violate rules based on classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-27 Dominic Widdows , Jyoti Rani , Emmanuel Pothos

Studying the extent to which realism is compatible with quantum mechanics teaches us something about the quantum mechanical universe, regardless of the validity of such realistic assumptions. It has also recently been appreciated that these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-28 Nicholas Harrigan , Terry Rudolph